貨櫃化的發展 - 1.3.4 貨櫃裝載計劃

The Development of Containerisation
貨櫃化的發展

Digested from "Containerized Cargo Handling and Stowage"

First Online: 17 September 2024

尚作仁船長 翻譯 Translated by Captain David Shang

1.3.4 Container stowage plans
貨櫃裝載計劃

Working stowage plans are drawn up to assist in advance planning. Master plans definitively document the positioning of containers on board
制定裝載計畫有助於提早規劃貨櫃裝卸。總計劃明確記錄了貨櫃在船上裝載的位置。

The bay-row-tier system follows a system of numerical coordinates relating to length, width and height. The stowage space of the container on board the ship is unambiguously stated in numbers and is (almost always) recorded in the shipping documents. It is then also possible to establish at a later date where the container was carried during maritime transport.
艙位-行-層系統遵循與長度、寬度和高度相關的數字座標系統。貨櫃在船上的裝載空間以數字明確表示，並且(幾乎總是)記錄在裝運單據中。這樣，以後也可以確定貨櫃在海上運輸過程中的裝載位置。

Principle of bay-row-tier coordinates
艙位-行-層系統座標原理

According to this principle, bays are the container blocks in the transverse direction, rows are the lengthwise rows and tiers are the vertical layers.
根據這個原則，bay 橫向的貨櫃區塊，row是縱向的行列，tier是上下的層數。

 

Thirty-eight 20' container bays on a ship
有38個20英尺貨櫃艙位的貨櫃船

Theoretically, the thirty-eight bays could be numbered continuously from 1 to 38. However, that would only be sensible if only 20' containers could actually be loaded.
理論上，38個艙位可以從1到38連續編號。然而，只有在僅能裝載20英尺貨櫃的情況下，這種編號才是合理的。

 

Nineteen 40' container bays on a ship
有19個40英尺貨櫃艙位的貨櫃船

If the ship could only transport 40' containers, the nineteen bays could be numbered continuously from 1 to 19.
如果該船只能運送40英尺貨櫃，那麼十九個艙位就可以從1到19連續編號。

 

Bay numbering system
艙位編號系統

Since, however, the ship can transport both 20' and 40' containers, the bay spaces for 20' containers are numbered throughout fore to aft with odd numbers, i.e. in this case 01, 03, 05 and so on up to 75. The bay spaces for 40' containers are numbered throughout with even numbers: 02, 04, 06 and so on up to 74.
然而，由於該船既可以運輸20英尺貨櫃，也可以運輸40英尺貨櫃，因此20英尺貨櫃的艙位編號從船艏到船艉均採用奇數編號，即01、03、05等，直至75。40英尺貨櫃的艙位編號則全部採用偶數編號：02、04、06等，直至74。

The purple 20' container in the first bay has the bay number 01. The light-brown 20' container in the second bay has the bay number 03 and the light-blue 40' container, which occupies a space in the first and second bays, has the bay number 02. The magenta-colored container has the bay number 25, the dark-green number 27 and the light-green number 26.
第一個艙位中的紫色20英尺貨櫃的艙位編號為01。第二個艙位中的橘色20英尺貨櫃的艙位編號為03，而位於第一和第二個艙位的淺藍色40英尺貨櫃的艙位編號為02。粉紅色貨櫃的艙位編號為25，深綠色貨櫃的艙位編號為27，淺綠色貨櫃的艙位編號為26。

To illustrate a cross-section through a bay, one needs to imagine that one is standing in front of or behind the ship.
為了描述艙位的橫截面，需要想像自己站在船的前面或後面。

In the case of bay plans, the respective bay is always viewed from behind.
對於艙位平面圖，總是從後面向前觀察對應的艙位。

 

The rows of containers on a ship are numbered with even numbers from the center leftward and odd numbers from the center rightward.
船上貨櫃的行列數從中心左側開始為偶數，從中心右側開始為奇數。

Row numbering where there is an even number of rows
當行列數為偶數時的編號

 

Where there is an odd number of rows, the middle row is numbered 00.
當行列數為奇數時，中間行為00。

Row numbering where there is an odd number of rows
當行列數為奇數時的編號

Numbering of the port rows on board ship
船上左舷行列編號

On close inspection, the photograph shows left-hand row 16, which is designed to be filled with containers only on deck, and rows 14, 12, 10, 08, 06, which may be filled both on deck and in the holds. Rows 04, 02, 00, 01 and 03 are likewise designed to be occupied in the hold and on deck. However, the hatch covers are already on in this case.
仔細觀察照片左側第16行貨櫃設計僅供甲板裝載貨櫃，而第14、12、10、8、6行貨櫃則可在甲板和貨艙裝載。第4、2、00、1和3排貨櫃同樣設計供貨艙和甲板裝載。不過，這些貨櫃的艙口蓋已經蓋上了。

Numbering of the starboard rows on board ship
船上右舷行列編號

Rows 05, 07, 09, 11 and 13 are still empty in this bay. Row 15 is designed only for on deck occupation, and is still free in this bay.
該艙位的第05、07、09、11和13排仍為空。第15排僅供甲板使用，該艙位目前仍為空。

 

Row numbers of the aft bay of a ship
船舶最後艙位行列編號

The container tiers are numbered with even numbers, starting from the bottom. The conventional way is start with 02 in the hold and then count up with 04, 06 etc. In the case of deck cargoes, it is conventional to start numbering with 80 or 82. There are sometimes slight differences between ships.
貨櫃層數採用雙數編號，從底層開始。常規編號方式是從貨艙內的02開始，然後依序遞增04、06等。對於甲板貨，常規編號從80或82開始。不同船舶之間的編號有時會略有不同。

 

Numbering of horizontal container layers, or tiers
水平或每層貨櫃的編號

On this ship, the containers standing directly on the main deck are numbered 80 and those standing on the hatches are number 82. The number is incremented by two for each higher layer.
在這艘船上，直接放在主甲板上的貨櫃編號為80，放在艙蓋上的貨櫃編號為82。每增加一層，編號就增加2。

These bay, row and tier numbers are noted in the bay plans.
這些艙位、行數和層數均在艙位平面圖中註明。

 

Bay plan
艙位平面圖

The loaded containers, with their alpha prefix, their container numbers, the port of destination or discharge and other important details are noted in the bay plans.
裝載的貨櫃其前綴字母、貨櫃號碼、目的港或卸貨港以及其他重要細節均在艙位圖中註明。

 

Container Number
貨櫃編號

 

Color-labeled containers in a bay plan
艙位圖中帶有顏色標籤的貨櫃

According to the bay-row-tier system, the colored containers were given the following stowage space numbers:
根據「艙位-行-層」系統，彩色貨櫃的裝載位置編號如下：

· a 20' container in the red-colored slot: 531212
紅色艙位中的20英尺貨櫃： 531212

· a 40' container in the blue-colored slot: 540788
藍色艙位中的40英尺貨櫃： 540788

· a 20' container in the green-colored slot: 551184
綠色艙位中的20英尺貨櫃： 551184

The system illustrated is the most widely used. However, other numbering systems do exist, in which the coordinates are stated in a different order, for example row-bay-tier systems and similar combinations. On RO/RO ships, the slots are usually organized along lanes running lengthwise. In individual cases and if required, such information may be obtained from shipping companies, cargo-handling companies or other competent persons.
圖示系統是最廣泛使用的。然而，也有其他編號系統的存在，其中座標以不同的順序排列，例如「行-艙位-層」系統以及類似的組合。在滾裝船上，艙位通常沿著縱向通道排列。如有需要，在個別情況下，可向船運公司、貨物裝卸公司或其他相關人員取得此類資訊。