防止船舶污染國際公約 - 附錄V摘要

防止船舶污染國際公約附錄V摘要
The digest of MARPOL Convention Annex IV

尚作仁船長 翻譯 Translated by Captain David Shang

(Last updated: 21/May/2025)

 

Foreword
前言

In the past, at least before Annex V of the MARPOL Convention came into effect, garbage disposal was never a problem. Humans have been sailing on the sea for at least a thousand years, and since ancient times, any garbage generated on board ships has always been thrown into the sea or discharged directly into the sea, then all the garbage are out of sight and out of mind.
「垃圾」處理，在以往，至少在MARPOL公約附錄V生效前，它從來就不是一個問題；人類在海上航行至少已有千年以上的歷史，自古以來處理船上所產生的任何垃圾，總是隨手往海裡一丟或直接排海，然後所有的垃圾就眼不見為淨了。

In the past, ship garbage was mainly composed of organic matter, and dumping it into the sea would basically not cause any impact or influence on the marine environment and organisms. In the end, it would be naturally decomposed or become a source of food for marine organisms. Therefore, for a long time, dumping ship garbage directly into the sea was the natural and normal way of dealing with it. Therefore, for the shipping industry, the disposal of ship garbage has never been a problem in the past.
而以往船上垃圾的成分主要都是有機物質，往海裡倒基本上也不會對海洋環境及生物造成甚麼衝擊或影響，最後也都能夠被自然分解或成為海洋生物的食物來源，因此長久以來，船上的垃圾直接往海裡倒，就是天經地義的正常處理方式，所以說對海運業而言，船上的垃圾處理在以前從來就不是一個問題。

However, with the rapid expansion of shipping fueled by industrialization and global economic growth, the types and quantities of garbage generated on board ships have undergone dramatic changes and increased significantly. The impact of this garbage on the marine environment and life has reached a critical level. Consequently, the United Nations International Maritime Organization (IMO) drafted Annex V of the MARPOL Convention, "Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships" which officially came into effect on December 31, 1988. From that day on, what was once a non-issue became a formally regulated issue, aiming to reduce the impact and harm of ship garbage on the marine environment and life.
然而，隨著人類工業化的發展及全球經濟成長而快速擴張的海運規模，現今船上所產生的垃圾，無論是種類或是數量都有著翻天覆地的改變與大量的擴增，而這些垃圾對海洋環境及生物所造成的衝擊與影響也到了不可忽視的程度，因此聯合國IMO組織開始制定了MARPOL公約附錄V「防止船舶垃圾汙染規則」並在1988年12月31日正式生效，從那天起，本來不是問題的議題，開始正式納入了管制，以減少船舶垃圾對海洋環境及生物造成衝擊與危害。

This text
本文

Annex V Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
防止船舶垃圾污染規則(1988.12.31生效)

Reg. 1 Definitions
定義

(1) Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those substances which are defined or listed in other Annexes to the present Convention.
垃圾係指所有船舶在正常營運期間，所可能持續或定期產生的食品、生活及作業廢棄物，除了鮮魚及其各部分，但現行公约其他附錄所列的物質除外。

(3) Special area means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by garbage is required. Special areas shall include those listed in regulation 5 of this Annex.
特別區域係指在該海域中，由於其海洋學和生態學的情况以及其運輸的特殊性質等，公認的技術原因，必須採取特殊的强制性手段以防止垃圾污染海洋。特別區域應包括那些在本附錄規則5所列的區域。

 

Reg. 2 Application
適用

Unless expressly provided otherwise, the provisions of this Annex shall apply to all ships.
除另有明文規定外，本附錄規定應適用於所有船舶。

 

Reg. 3 Disposal of garbage outside special areas
在特別區域外排放垃圾

(1) Subject to the provisions of regulations 4, 5 and 6 of this Annex:
除本附錄第4、5和6條規定外:

(a) the disposal into the sea of all plastics, including but not limited to synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues, is prohibited;
禁止排放所有塑膠類，包括但不限於合成纖維索、合成纖維漁網、塑膠袋及可能含有毒性或重金屬的塑膠製品焚燒餘燼；

(b) the disposal into the sea of the following garbage shall be made as far as practicable from the nearest land but in any case is prohibited if the distance from the nearest land is less than:
下列垃圾排海時，應盡可能遠離最近陸地，但在任何情況下，如果離最近陸地的距離少於下列距離時不得排放:

(i) 25 nautical miles for dunnage, lining and packing materials which will float;
墊材、襯裡及可漂浮的包裝材料不得少於25海浬；

(ii) 12 nautical miles for food wastes and all other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse;
廚餘及其他垃圾，包括紙製品、破布、玻璃、金屬、瓶子、陶器及類似的廢棄物，不得少於12海浬。

(c) disposal into the sea of garbage specified in subparagraph(b)(ii) of this regulation may be permitted when it has passed through a comminuter or grinder and made as far as practicable from the nearest land but in any case is prohibited if the distance from the nearest land is less than 3 nautical miles. Such comminuted or ground garbage shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25 mm.
排放本規則段落(b)(ii)所規範的垃圾入海時，如果已經由研磨器或磨碎機處理過，且能通過不超過25公厘過濾網者，應盡可能遠離最近陸地，但離岸距離少於3海浬應禁止排放。

(2) When the garbage is mixed with other discharges having different disposal or discharge requirements the more stringent requirements shall apply.
當垃圾混有其他不同處理或排放要求的物質時，應適用較嚴格的要求。

 

Reg. 4 Disposal of garbage within special areas
在特別區域内排放垃圾

(1) For the purposes of this Annex the special areas are the Mediterranean Sea area, the Baltic Sea area, the Black Sea area, the Red Sea area, the “Gulfs area", the North Sea area, the Antarctic area and the Wider Caribbean Region, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.
本附錄所指的特別區域係指: 地中海域、巴爾提克海域、黑海、紅海、海灣區、北海、極區海域及大加勒比海區域，包括墨西哥灣及加勒比海。

(2) Subject to the provisions of regulation 6 of this Annex:
根據本附錄規則6的規定:

(a) disposal into the sea of the following is prohibited:
禁止下列排放入海:

(i) all plastics, including but not limited to synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues; and
所有塑膠類，包括但不限於合成纖維索、合成纖維漁網、塑膠袋及可能含有毒性或重金屬的塑膠製品焚燒餘燼；

(ii) all other garbage, including paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, dunnage, lining and packing materials;
所有其他垃圾，包括紙製品、破布、玻璃、金屬、瓶子、陶器、墊板、襯墊及包裝材料。

(b) except as provided in subparagraph (c) of this paragraph, disposal into the sea of food wastes shall be made as far as practicable from land, but in any case not less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land;
除了段落(c)的規定外，丟棄廚餘入海時應盡可能遠離陸地，但在任何情況下，離最近陸地均不得少於12海浬；

(c) disposal into the Wider Caribbean Region of food wastes which have been passed through a comminuter or grinder shall be made as far as practicable from land, but in any case not less than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land. Such comminuted or ground food wastes shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25 mm.
在大加勒比海海區域丟棄廚餘時，須經由研磨器或磨碎機處理過，且能通過不超過25公厘過濾網，並應盡可能遠離陸地，但在任何情況下，離最近陸地均不得少於3海浬；

(3) When the garbage is mixed with other discharges having different disposal or discharge requirements the more stringent requirements shall apply.
當垃圾混有其他不同處理或排放要求的物質時，應適用較嚴格的要求。

 

Reg. 6 Exceptions
除外

Regulations 3, 4 and 5 of this Annex shall not apply to:
本附錄規則3, 4及5條規定應不適用於下列情況：

(a) the disposal of garbage from a ship necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship and those on board or saving life at sea; or
從船上丟棄垃圾的目的是為了保障船舶及船上人員安全或拯救海上人命之需要；

(b) the escape of garbage resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment provided all reasonable precautions have been taken before and after the occurrence of the damage, for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the escape; or
垃圾意外落失係由於船舶或其設備遭到損壞的緣故，但須在發生損壞前後，為了防止意外落失或使落失減至最低限度，已採取了一切合理的預防措施；

(c) the accidental loss of synthetic fishing nets, provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken to prevent such loss.
合成纖維漁網從船上意外落失，但前提是為防止這種落失，已採取了一切合理的預防措施。

 

Reg. 8 Port State control on operational requirements
港口國對操作上要求的管制

(1) A ship when in a port of another Party is subject to inspection by officers duly authorized by such Party concerning operational requirements under this Annex, where there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the prevention of pollution by garbage.
當船舶停在其他締約國政府的港口時，關於本附錄操作上的要求，將受該國政府適當授權的官員所管制，如果有發現明確證據顯示，船長或船員不熟悉船上關於防止垃圾污染的重要程序。

(2) In the circumstances given in paragraph (1) of this regulation, the Party shall take such steps as will ensure that the ship shall not sail until the situation has been brought to order in accordance with the requirements of this Annex.
當發現有本章第一節所述狀況，締約國政府應採取管制措施，以確保該船舶的情況已改善到符合本附錄之要求前不得開航。

(3) Procedures relating to the port State control prescribed in article 5 of the present Convention shall apply to this regulation.
關於現行公約條款5所規定的港口國管制程序也適用於本規定。

(4) Nothing in this regulation shall be construed to limit the rights and obligations of a Party carrying out control over operational requirements specifically provided for in the present Convention.
本規則不可被引用來限制締約國政府採取管制的權利與義務，特別是對於現行公約所提供的操作上的要求。

 

Reg. 9 Placards, garbage management plans and garbage record-keeping
告示、垃圾管理計畫和垃圾紀錄保存

(1) (a) Every ship of 12 m or more in length overall shall display placards which notify the crew and passengers of the disposal requirements of regulations 3 and 5 of this Annex, as applicable.
(a) 每艘總長度為12公尺或以上的船舶，均應張貼告示以使船員和乘客知曉本附錄第3和5條所適用的丟棄要求。

(b) The placards shall be written in the working language of the ship's personnel and, for ships engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention, shall also be in English, French or Spanish.
告示應以船員的工作語言書寫，對於從事航行於其他公締約國管轄權範圍内的港口或近海裝卸站的船舶，告示還應以英文、法文或西班牙文書寫。

(2) Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above, and every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more, shall carry a garbage management plan which the crew shall follow. This plan shall provide written procedures for collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of the equipment on board. It shall also designate the person in charge of carrying out the plan. Such a plan shall be in accordance with the guidelines developed by the Organization and written in the working language of the crew.
每艘400總噸及以上的船舶和核准載運15名或以上人員，均應備有一份船員必須遵守的垃圾管理計畫。該計畫應提供垃圾的收集、儲藏、處理和丟棄，包括使用船上設備等的書面程序，還應指定負責執行該計畫的人員。此計畫應基於IMO組織所發展的指南並以船員工作語言書寫。

(3) Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention and every fixed and floating platform engaged in exploration and exploitation of the sea-bed shall be provided with a Garbage Record Book. The Garbage Record Book, whether as a part of the ship's official log-book or otherwise, shall be in the form specified in the appendix to this Annex;
每艘400總噸及以上的船舶和核准載運15名或以上人員，從事航行於其他公約締約國管轄權範圍内的港口或近海裝卸站的船舶，以及從事探勘和海床探勘的固定或浮動平台，均應備有一份「垃圾紀錄簿」。該「垃圾記錄簿」不論是船舶的正式航海日誌的一部分，或是其他的形式，均應和本附錄的附件格式相同；

(a) each discharge operation, or completed incineration, shall be recorded in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of the incineration or discharge by the officer in charge. Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by the master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage Record Book shall be at least in English, French or Spanish. Where the entries are also made in an official language of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, these entries shall prevail in case of a dispute or discrepancy;
每次排放作業，或完成焚燒作業均應紀錄於「垃圾紀錄簿」內，並應由當日焚燒或排放作業的負責人簽名，「垃圾紀錄簿」完成每一頁紀錄後，應由船上的船長簽名，「垃圾紀錄簿」的紀載應至少使用英文、法文或西班牙文書寫。如果這些紀載也使用該船旗國的官方語言時，遇有爭議或不一致的情況時，應以船旗國官方文字的記錄為準。

(b) the entry for each incineration or discharge shall include date and time, position of the ship, description of the garbage and the estimated amount incinerated or discharged;
每次排放或焚燒紀錄應包括日期、時間、船位、垃圾種類和被排放或焚燒垃圾的估計量；

(c) the Garbage Record Book shall be kept on board the ship and in such a place as to be available for inspection in a reasonable time. This document shall be preserved for a period of two years after the last entry is made on the record;
「垃圾紀錄簿」應保存在船上，於合理的時間內能很快提供檢查的處所，這份文件從最後一筆資料算起，至少應保存2年的紀錄。

(d) in the event of discharge, escape or accidental loss referred to in regulation 6 of this Annex an entry shall be made in the Garbage Record Book of the circumstances of, and the reasons for, the loss.
如發生本附錄規則6所指的任何排放或意外落失，垃圾紀錄簿上應予以紀錄事件經過、原因及損失。

(4) The Administration may waive the requirements for Garbage Record Books for:
主管機關可免除下列船舶的垃圾記錄簿要求：

(a) any ship engaged on voyages of 1 hour or less in duration which is certified to carry 15 persons or more; or
經核准載運15人或以上的航行時間不超過1小時的船舶；或

(b) fixed or floating platforms while engaged in exploration and exploitation of the sea-bed.
從事海底勘探和開發的固定式或浮動式平台。

(5) The competent authority of the Government of a Party to the Convention may inspect the Garbage Record Book on board any ship to which this regulation applies while the ship is in its ports or offshore terminals and may make a copy of any entry in that book, and may require the master of the ship to certify that the copy is a true copy of such an entry. Any copy so made, which has been certified by the master of the ship as a true copy of an entry in the ship's Garbage Record Book, shall be admissible in any judicial proceedings as evidence of the facts stated in the entry. The inspection of a Garbage Record Book and the taking of a certified copy by the competent authority under this paragraph shall be performed as expeditiously as possible without causing the ship to be unduly delayed.
公約締約國的主管部門，得檢查靠泊其碼頭或離岸端站任何符合本規定船舶之垃圾紀錄簿，並且得複製該紀錄簿的任何紀錄，且可要求該船船長證明該副本是真實複製正本紀錄。任何經由該船船長證明係真實複製於垃圾紀錄簿正本紀錄的副本，應被視為任何司法程序的事實陳述證據。主管部門根據本段落在檢查垃圾紀錄簿並取得船長證明的副本時，應盡速完成不得造成船舶不當的延誤。