防止船舶污染國際公約 - 附錄IV摘要

防止船舶污染國際公約附錄IV摘要
The digest of MARPOL Convention Annex IV

尚作仁船長 翻譯 Translated by Captain David Shang

(Last updated: 15/Dec/2020)

 

Foreword
前言

According to MARPOL Annex IV Reg. 1, so called “Sewage” is drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals, and drainage from medical premises. In China, their translation as “Domestic sewage”, which means it is coming from shipboard personnel no mater from ship’s crew or passengers, who live on board will generate the sewage.
根據MARPOL公約附錄IV規則1，所謂“Sewage”係指任何從廁所及尿斗所排放的污水或其他排泄物，以及從醫療處所(藥房、醫務室等)所排出的污水；中國大陸將其翻譯成「生活污水」，意指船上人員，無論是船員或是旅客，在船上日常生活會產生的污水。

Although this kind pollution source is unlikely to go so far as oil pollution to impact the marine environment. But it is continuous and uninterrupted generating from each ship, especially from the capacity over thousands passengers cruise ship, the daily yield rate of “Domestic sewage” are amazingly big. Therefore, the MARPOL Annex IV aim against this kind pollution source to regulate and control the discharge.
這類型的污染源對海洋環境所造成的衝擊，雖然不至於油類污染那樣嚴重，但由於它是持續且不間斷的從每艘船上產生，特別是搭載上千名旅客的客船，每日「生活污水」的產生量更是驚人。因此MARPOL公約附錄IV就特別針對船上這類的污染源做出規範與排放管制。

This text
本文

ANNEX IV Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ship
防止船舶污水污染規則(2003.9.27生效)

Chapter 1 General
總則

Reg. 1 Definitions
定義

3. Sewage means:
污水是指:

.1 drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals;
任何從廁所及尿斗所排放的污水或其他排泄物；

.2 drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers located in such premises;
從醫療處所(藥房、醫務室等)經由洗臉盆、洗滌盆及這些場所排水孔所排出的污水；

.3 drainage from spaces containing living animals; or
從裝載牲畜的空間排出的污水；

.4 other waste waters when mixed with the drainages defined above.
當其他的廢水混入了上述定義的排放水時。

4. Holding tank means a tank used for the collection and storage of sewage.
留置艙指一個用來收集和存放污水的艙

5. Nearest land. The term "from the nearest land" means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is established in accordance with international law.
「最近陸地」是指根據國際法所建立的有關領土的領海基線起算。

 

Reg. 3 Exceptions
除外

1. Regulation 11 of this Annex shall not apply to:
本附錄規則11並不適用於:

.1 the discharge of sewage from a ship necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship and those on board or saving life at sea; or
為保全船舶及船上及人命安全或為了拯救海上人命之需要而排放的污水；

.2 the discharge of sewage resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment if all reasonable precautions have been taken before and after the occurrence of the damage, for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge.
由於船舶或其設備受損而排放的污水，如果在發生損壞之前和以後已採取了一切合理的預防措施來防止排放或使排放减至最低限度。

 

Chapter 2 Surveys and certification
檢驗與證書

Reg. 4 Surveys
檢驗

1. Every ship which, in accordance with regulation 2, is required to comply with the provisions of this Annex shall be subject to the surveys specified below:
根據規則2，凡需要符合本附錄要求的每艘船舶，均應接受下列的檢驗：

.1 An initial survey before the ship is put in service or before the Certificate required under regulation 5 of this Annex is issued for the first time, which shall include a complete survey of its structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material in so far as the ship is covered by this Annex. This survey shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and materials fully comply with the applicable requirements of this Annex.
初始檢驗: 在船舶投入營運之前或第一次核發規則5所要求的證書之前。該檢驗應包括對結構、設備、系統、裝置、布置及材料等全面性的檢查，這個檢驗應確認結構、設備、系統、裝置、布置及材料等完全符合本附錄之要求。

.2 A renewal survey at intervals specified by the Administration, but not exceeding five years, except where regulation 8.2, 8.5, 8.6 or 8.7 of this Annex is applicable. The renewal survey shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and materials fully comply with applicable requirements of this Annex.
換新檢驗: 根據主管當局所規定的換證間隔，但最長不得超過5年，除非符合本附錄規則8.2, 8.5, 8.6 或 8.7的情況外。換新檢驗應確認結構、設備、系統、裝置、布置及材料等完全符合本附錄之要求。

.3 An additional survey, either general or partial, according to the circumstances, shall be made after a repair resulting from investigations prescribed in paragraph 4 of this regulation, or whenever any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory and that the ship complies in all respects with the requirements of this Annex.
額外檢驗: 無論是一般性或部分要視情況而定，在修理過後應根據段落4所指定的調查結果作檢驗，或在任何重大維修或換新之後實施。該檢驗需確認應維修或換新之處已被施做，並且維修或換新的材料及工藝在各分面都令人滿意，且該船舶在各方面都符合本附錄之要求。

7. The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the present Convention to ensure that the ship in all respects will remain fit to proceed to sea without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment.
船舶及其設備狀況應保持符合現行公約的規定，以確保船舶在各方面都處於適於出航的狀態，沒有顯現對海洋環境造成傷害的不合理之危脅。

8. After any survey of the ship under paragraph 1 of this regulation has been completed, no change shall be made in the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements or materials covered by the survey, without the sanction of the Administration, except the direct replacement of such equipment and fittings.
根據本規則段落1完成任何檢驗之後，未經主管當局許可，不得對所檢查的結構、設備、系統、裝置、布置或材料等做任何改變，除非直接更換這類的設備或裝置。

9. Whenever an accident occurs to a ship or a defect is discovered which substantially affects the integrity of the ship or the efficiency or completeness of its equipment covered by this Annex, the master or owner of the ship shall report at the earliest opportunity to the Administration, the recognized organization or the nominated surveyor responsible for issuing the relevant Certificate, who shall cause investigations to be initiated to determine whether a survey as required by paragraph 1 of this regulation is necessary. If the ship is in a port of another Party, the master or owner shall also report immediately to the appropriate authorities of the Port State and the nominated surveyor or recognized organization shall ascertain that such report has been made.
當船舶發生意外事故或發現有嚴重影響船舶完整性，及本附錄所涵蓋設備之效率或完整性的缺陷時，船長或船東應盡速陳報給主管當局、認可組織或被指定負責核發相關證書的檢驗者，前述這些單位應施以調查以決定是否需要做本規則段落1所要求的檢驗。如果船舶位於其他締約國港口，船長或船東還須立即陳報港口國主管機關，指定的檢驗人或認可組織需確認該報告已被陳報。

 

Reg. 5 Issue or endorsement of certificate
核發或簽署證書

1. An International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate shall be issued, after an initial or renewal survey in accordance with the provisions of regulation 4 of this Annex, to any ship which is engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention.
從事於現行公約其他締約國轄下的港口或離岸端點航程之船舶，在完成本附錄規則4所規定的初始或換新檢驗後，應核發「國際防止污水污染證書」(I.S.P.P. Cert.)。

 

Chapter 3 Equipment and control of discharge
設備及排放控制

Reg. 9 Sewage systems
污水系統

1. Every ship which, in accordance with regulation 2, is required to comply with the provisions of this Annex shall be equipped with one of the following sewage systems:
根據規則2，凡需要符合本附錄要求的每艘船舶，均應裝設一套下列的污水系統：

.1 a sewage treatment plant which shall be of a type approved by the Administration, taking into account the standards and test methods developed by the Organization, or
污水處理裝置，應為主管當局認可之類型，並考量IMO組織所研發的標準及測試方法；

.2 a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system approved by the Administration. Such system shall be fitted with facilities to the satisfaction of the Administration, for the temporary storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, or
經主管當局認可的污水粉碎和消毒系统，當船舶位於離最近陸地距離3海浬以內時，該系統應備有令主管當局滿意的污水暫存設施；

.3 a holding tank of the capacity to the satisfaction of the Administration for the retention of all sewage, having regard to the operation of the ship, the number of persons on board and other relevant factors. The holding tank shall be constructed to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall have a means to indicate visually the amount of its contents.
容量令主管當局滿意的留置艙，用來留置所有的污水，其容量需考量船舶營運情況、船上人數及其他相關因素。留置艙的構造應令主管當局滿意，並應設有可以目視存量的裝置。

 

Reg. 10 Standard discharge connection
標準排放接頭

1. To enable pipes of reception facilities to be connected with the ship's discharge pipeline, both lines shall be fitted with a standard discharge connection in accordance with the following table:
為確保收受設備管路能連接船上的排放管路，兩邊的管路都必須裝設符合下表所列的標準排放接頭。

Standard dimensions of flanges for discharge connections
排放連接法蘭的標準尺寸

Description描述	Dimension尺寸
Outside diameter外徑	210 mm
Inner diameter內徑	According to pipe outside diameter 按照管子的外徑
Bolt circle diameter 螺栓圈直徑	170 mm
Slots in flange 法蘭槽口	4 holes, 18 mm in diameter, equidistantly placed on a bolt circle of the above diameter, slotted to the flange periphery. The slot width to be 18 mm 直徑18mm的孔4個等距分佈在上述直徑的螺栓圈上，開槽口至法蘭外沿。槽口寬18mm
Flange thickness 法蘭厚度	16 mm
Bolts and nuts: 螺栓和螺帽： quantity and diameter 数量和直徑	4, each of 16 mm in diameter and of suitable length 4個，每個直徑16mm，適當長度
The flange is designed to accept pipes up to a maximum internal diameter of 100 mm and shall be of steel or other equivalent material having a flat face. This flange, together with a suitable gasket, shall be suitable for a service pressure of 600 kPa. 法蘭應設計為能接受最大内徑不大於100mm的管子，以鋼或其它同等材料製成，表面平整，連同一個適當的垫圈，應能承受600 kPa的工作壓力。

Reg. 11 Discharge of sewage
排放污水

1. Subject to the provisions of regulation 3 of this Annex, the discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when:
除本附錄規則3的規定外，禁止將污水排放入海，但有下列情况除外：

.1 the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using a system approved by the Administration in accordance with regulation 9.1.2 of this Annex at a distance of more than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, or sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land, provided that, in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; the rate of discharge shall be approved by the Administration based upon standards developed by the Organization; or
船舶在離最近陸地3海浬以外，並使用經主管當局核可根據本附錄規則9.1.2 规定的系统，排放經過粉碎和消毒過的污水，或在離最近陸地12海浬以外，排放未經粉碎和消毒的污水。但在任何情况下，不得將儲存於留置艙中的污水頃刻排光，而應在船舶航行中，航速不小於4節的速率，以中等速率排放；排放率應經主管當局核可，根據IMO組織所研發的標準。

.2 the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant which has been certified by the Administration to meet the operational requirements referred to in regulation 9.1.1 of this Annex, and
船舶運作的污水處理裝置持有主管當局核發的證書，並符合本附錄規則9.1.1的要求。

.2.1 the test results of the plant are laid down in the ship's International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate; and
該設備的測試结果已載入該船的「國際防止污水污染證書」(I.S.P.P Cert.)中；

.2.2 additionally, the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the surrounding water.
此外，排放的流出物不可產生可見的漂浮固體，也不可使周遭水變色。

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to ships operating in the waters under the jurisdiction of a State and visiting ships from other States while they are in these waters and are discharging sewage in accordance with such less stringent requirements as may be imposed by such State.
段落1的規定不適用於在國家管轄範圍內水域作業船舶，及從其他國家來訪之船舶當它位於該國管轄之水域，並且依照該國較寬鬆的要求排放污水。

3. When the sewage is mixed with wastes or waste water covered by other Annexes of MARPOL 73/78, the requirements of those Annexes shall be complied with in addition to the requirements of this Annex.
如污水混有MARPOL73/78 其他附錄所包含的廢棄物或廢水時，除了需符合本附錄的規定外，還需符合其他附錄的要求。