防止船舶污染國際公約 - 附錄III摘要

防止船舶污染國際公約附錄III摘要
The digest of MARPOL Convention Annex III

尚作仁船長 翻譯 Translated by Captain David Shang

 

Foreword
前言

Most seafarers don't understand the difference and relationship between Annex III of the MARPOL Convention, "Regulation for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form" which includes the keyword "harmful substances," and Chapter VII of the SOLAS Convention, "Carriage of Dangerous Goods," which includes the keyword "dangerous goods." Crucially, many seafarers often confuse "harmful substances" with "dangerous goods."
大多數海員並不了解MARPOL公約附錄III「防止包裝形式有害物質污染」，關鍵字「有害物質」與SOLAS公約第VII章「載運危險貨物」，關鍵字「危險貨物」，這兩者之間有何區別及其關聯性。重點是，許多海員常常將「有害物質」與「危險貨物」混為一談。

According to the Regulation 1 “Application” of MARPOL Annex III, the “harmful substances” are those substances which are identified as marine pollutants in the IMDG Code. Here is the relationship with the SOLAS Convention. Because the IMDG Code is the sub-law of the SOLAS Chapter VII.
根據MARPOL公約附錄III規則1，所謂「有害物質」係為IMDG Code所定義的海洋污染物質。這就是與SOLAS公約的關聯性，因為IMDG Code是屬於SOLAS公約第VII章的子法。

But what is the different between “harmful substances” and “dangerous goods”? To answer this question, first of all, we need to know, the MARPOL Convention is focus on marine pollutants prevention which include six aspects that respectively are oil, noxious liquid substances in bulk, harmful substances in packaged form, Sewage, garbage and air pollution.
但是究竟「有害物質」與「危險貨物」有何區別呢? 要回答這個問題，首先我們必須了解MARPOL公約是著重於防止海洋污染，其中包含六個面相分別是油類、散裝有害液體、包裝形式有害物質、污水、垃圾及空氣汙染。

And the SOLAS Convention is focus on safety of life at sea which is regarding the safety concerning. Meaning that the “dangerous goods” may risky to human life on board and/or ship. Although some dangerous goods may not only have safety risk but also will harmful marine environment, but the dangerous goods does not have to be a harmful substances to marine environment.
然而SOLAS公約則是著重於海上人命安全，是關於安全的考量，意即「危險貨物」可能會對船上人命及或船舶造成危害。雖然有些危險貨物可能不僅只有安全上的風險，還有可能對海洋環境造成傷害，但危險貨物並不盡然一定會對海洋環境造成危害。

Therefore, the MARPOL Annex III is regulating the harmful substances to marine environment. SOLAS Chapter VII is regulating the dangerous goods which may risky human life on board and/or ship. But if some dangerous goods both have safety and marine pollutant risks, according to the regulation, the package of dangerous goods shall be additionally labelled “MARINE POLLUTANT”.
因此，MARPOL公約附錄III是規範對海洋環境有害的物質，SOLAS公約第VII是規範可能對船上人命及或船舶造成危害的危險貨物。如果有些危險貨物同時具有安全及海洋污染的風險時，則應在其外包裝貼上「海洋汙染」的字樣。

 

This text
本文

ANNEX III Regulation for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form
防止海上載運容器包裝有害物質污染規則(1992.7.1生效)

Reg. 1 Application
適用

(1). Unless expressly provided otherwise, the regulations of this Annex apply to all ships carrying harmful substances in packaged form.
除非有其他特別的規定，本附錄的規定適用於所有載運包裝有害物質船舶。

(1.1) For the purpose of this Annex, “harmful substances” are those substances which are identified as marine pollutants in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code).
本附錄所指的「有害物質」係為IMDG Code定義的海洋污染物質。

(1.3) For the purposes of this Annex, “packaged form” is defined as the forms of containment specified for harmful substances in the IMDG Code.
本附錄所指的「包裝形式」係為IMDG Code所定義，特別為有害物質定義的包裝形式。

(2). The carriage of harmful substances is prohibited, except in accordance with the provisions of this Annex.
除了符合本附錄之規定，否則禁止載運有害物質。

(4). For the purposes of this Annex, empty packagings which have been used previously for the carriage of harmful substances shall themselves be treated as harmful substances unless adequate precautions have been taken to ensure that they contain no residue that is harmful to the marine environment.
本附錄所指的「有害物質」，先前曾經用於載運有害物質的空容器，也應視為有害物質，除非有經過適當的處理，確保該容器沒有足以危害海洋環境的殘餘物。

(5). The requirements of this Annex do not apply to ships’ stores and equipment.
本附錄之要求並不適用於船用物品與設備。

 

Reg. 2 Packing
包裝

Packages shall be adequate to minimize the hazard to the marine environment, having regard to their specific contents.
應考量個別的內容物，予以適當的包裝以減少對海洋環境的危害

 

Reg. 3 Marking and labelling
標示與標籤

(1). Packages containing a harmful substance shall be durably marked with the correct technical name (trade names alone shall not be used) and, further, shall be durably marked or labelled to indicate that the substance is a marine pollutant. Such identification shall be supplemented where possible by any other means, for example, by use of the relevant United Nations number.
有害物質的包裝應牢固標示正確的技術名稱(不可僅標示商業名稱)，並且還需要牢固的標示或貼標籤指出該物質為海洋汙染物，這些識別還應以其他方式補充，例如使用相關的聯合國危險貨物編號。

(2). The method of marking the correct technical name and of affixing labels on packages containing a harmful substance shall be such that this information will still be identifiable on packages surviving at least three months’ immersion in the sea. In considering suitable marking and labelling, account shall be taken of the durability of the materials used and of the surface of the package.
作為上述有害物質外包裝上之技術名稱標示方法，應能在海水裡浸泡至少三個月還能辨識標示的資訊，在考量適當的標示與標籤時，包裝外表所使用材料之耐久性應納入考量。

(3). Packages containing small quantities of harmful substances may be exempted from the marking requirements.
包裝內僅含有少量有害物質時，得免除標示的要求。

 

Reg. 4 Documentation
文件

(1). In all documents relating to the carriage of harmful substances by sea where such substances are named, the correct technical name of each such substance shall be used (trade names alone shall not be used) and the substance further identified by the addition of the words “MARINE POLLUTANT”.
海上載運有害物質的所有相關文件，均應記載這類物質的名稱、應使用每種物質的正確技術名稱，並且還需額外標註「海洋汙染」字樣。

(2). The shipping documents supplied by the shipper shall include, or be accompanied by, a signed certificate or declaration that the shipment offered for carriage is properly packaged and marked, labelled or placarded as appropriate and in proper condition for carriage to minimize the hazard to the marine environment.
由託運人所提供的海運文件必須包含或附上已簽署的證書或聲明該托運物品已經經過良好的包裝及標示、標籤或適當的貼紙，並且處於適於運送的狀況，以減少對海洋環境的危害。

(3). Each ship carrying harmful substances shall have a special list or manifest setting forth the harmful substances on board and the location thereof. A detailed stowage plan which sets out the location of the harmful substances on board, may be used in place of such special list or manifest. Copies of such documents shall also be retained on shore by the owner of the ship or his representative until the harmful substances are unloaded. A copy of one of these documents shall be made available before departure to the person or organization designated by the port State authority.
每艘載運有害物質的船舶，在裝船前都應備有一份特別的名單或艙單載明裝船位置。一份載有有害物質詳細裝船位置的裝載計畫，也可替代所謂的特別名單或艙單。岸上船東或其代表也應保有一份該文件的副本，直到有害物質卸岸為止。另外一份副本應在開航前陳報給港口主管當局的指定負責人或單位。

(4). When the ship carries a special list or manifest or a detailed stowage plan, required for the carriage of dangerous goods by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, the documents required by this regulation may be combined with those for dangerous goods. Where documents are combined, a clear distinction shall be made between dangerous goods and harmful substances covered by this Annex.
當船舶載運SOLAS公約所要求，運送危險貨物所必須備有的特別名單或艙單或詳細的裝載計畫時，本規定所要求的文件得合併在那些文件之中。當文件合併時，本附錄所涵蓋的有害物質與危險貨物必須做明顯區隔。

 

Reg. 5 Stowage
積載

Harmful substances shall be properly stowed and secured so as to minimize the hazards to the marine environment without impairing the safety of the ship and persons on board.
有害物質應適當的積載並繫固，以盡量減少對海洋環境的危害，及對船舶安全與船上人員造成傷害。

 

Reg. 6 Quantity limitations
數量限制

Certain harmful substances may, for sound scientific and technical reasons, need to be prohibited for carriage or be limited as to the quantity which may be carried aboard any one ship. In limiting the quantity, due consideration shall be given to size, construction and equipment of the ship, as well as the packaging and the inherent nature of the substances.
規某些特定的有害物質，為了科學上及技術上的原因，需要被限制載運或限制每一艘船的裝載數量，在數量限制上，需要考量的包括船舶的體積、構造及設備，以及包裝及該物質的自然特性等。

 

Reg. 7 Exceptions
除外

(1). Jettisoning of harmful substances carried in packaged form shall be prohibited, except where necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of the ship or saving life at sea.
除非為了保障船舶安全或拯救海上人命之需要，禁止將包裝形式的有害物質拋棄入海。

(2). Subject to the provisions of the present Convention, appropriate measures based on the physical, chemical and biological properties of harmful substances shall be taken to regulate the washing of leakages overboard, provided that compliance with such measures would not impair the safety of the ship and persons on board.
根據現行公約的規定，有害物質基於物質的，化學的及生物的特性，需要有適當對策定期的將洩漏物沖洗出船外，只要這些措施不會對船舶安全與船上人員造成傷害。

 

Reg. 8 Port State control on operational requirements
港口國對操作上要求的管制

(1). A ship when in a port of another Party is subject to inspection by officers duly authorized by such Party concerning operational requirements under this Annex, where there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the prevention of pollution by harmful substances.
當船舶停在其他締約國政府的港口時，關於本附錄操作上的要求，將受該國政府適當授權的官員所管制，如果有發現明確證據顯示，船長或船員不熟悉船上關於防止有害物質污染的重要程序。

(2). In the circumstances given in paragraph (1) of this regulation, the Party shall take such steps as will ensure that the ship shall not sail until the situation has been brought to order in accordance with the requirements of this Annex.
當發現有本章第一節所述狀況，締約國政府應採取管制措施，以確保該船舶的情況已改善到符合本附錄之要求前不得開航。

(3). Procedures relating to the port State control prescribed in article 5 of the present Convention shall apply to this regulation.
關於現行公約條款5所規定的港口國管制程序也適用於本規定。

(4). Nothing in this regulation shall be construed to limit the rights and obligations of a Party carrying out control over operational requirements specifically provided for in the present Convention.
本規則不可被引用來限制締約國政府採取管制的權利與義務，特別是對於現行公約所提供的操作上的要求。