船上安全訓練手冊 - 第十章 SOLAS無線電設備

船上安全訓練手冊
Shipboard Safety Training Manual

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang

第十章 SOLAS無線電設備
Chapter 10 SOLAS Radio Equipment

 

10.1 SOLAS無線電設備

SOLAS Radio Equipment

本船配備符合「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)第三章第六條和第四章規定的SOLAS無線電設備。

This vessel is provided with SOLAS radio equipment in compliance with Regulation 6 of Chapter III and Chapter IV as set out in SOLAS.

SOLAS無線電設備包括：

The SOLAS radio equipment includes:

1. 應急無線電示位標(EPIRB)

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)

2. 搜救雷達詢答器(SART)

Search and Rescue Radar Transponder(s) (SART)

3. 雙向甚高頻便攜式無線電裝置

Two-way VHF Portable Radio Apparatus

應急無線電示位標(EPIRB)

EPIRB

緊急無線電示位標 (EPIRB) 透過406 MHz頻段的極軌衛星服務發送遇險警報。

The emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) transmits a distress alert through the polar orbiting satellite service operating in the 406 MHz band.

啟動後，EPIRB會向搜救衛星發送緊急訊號，以電子方式定位救生艇。EPIRB由電池供電，並置於防水浮力外殼內，外殼設計用於在20公尺高處墜落時能保護EPIRB。

When activated, the EPIRB transmits an emergency signal to a search and rescue satellite to electronically locate the survival craft. The EPIRB is battery powered and is housed in a watertight, buoyant casing that is designed to protect the EPIRB in a fall from 20m.

應盡快按照外殼上的說明啟動EPIRB。EPIRB電源可使其至少持續發射48小時。

The EPIRB should be activated as soon as possible according to the instructions on the casing. The EPIRB power supply allows it to transmit for at least 48 hours.

EPIRB還配備了水壓釋放裝置。確保如果船舶沉沒，EPIRB能夠自動釋放並啟動。因此，救生艇必須停留在附近水域內，以便搜救人員能夠透過EPIRB找到它。

EPIRBs are also provided with a means of hydrostatic release. This ensures that, if the ship should sink, the EPIRB is automatically released and activated. Therefore, it is imperative that the lifeboat remains in the area, so that it will be located by searchers homing in on the EPIRB.

Figure 10-1 IMO EPIRB安全標誌
IMO Safe Sign for EPIRB

 

EPIRB操作

EPIRB Operation

圖10-2展示了EPIRB。EPIRB安裝在快速釋放支架上，並配備水壓釋放自由漂浮裝置。

Figures 10-1 shows an EPIRB. The EPIRB is mounted on a quick-release bracket and is equipped with a hydraulically released free-floating device.

所有EPIRB均在EPIRB或安裝硬體(或兩者)貼有清晰的操作說明。

All EPIRBs carry clear operating instructions on the EPIRB or mounting hardware or both.

Figure 10-2 EPIRB (JRC JQE-103)

搜索救援雷達詢答器(SART)

SART

搜索救援雷達詢答器(SART)是一種雷達發射器/接收器，當它接收到來自標準9 GHz船載或機載雷達的脈衝時，便會發出清晰可識別的雷達訊號。

The Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART) is a radar transmitter/receiver that responds by transmitting a clearly identifiable radar signal when it receives a pulse from a standard 9 GHz ship or airborne radar.

開啟後，SART會發出聲音和視覺提示，指示是否正常運作以及是否正在被答詢。

When switched on, the SART provides audible and visual indications that it is functioning correctly and if it is being interrogated.

SART 電源通常可提供約96小時的待機時間和8小時的答詢時間。

The SART power supply will normally provide some 96 hours of standby operation and 8 hours while being interrogated.

Figure 10-3 IMO SART安全標誌     Figure 10-4 SART (tron-sart 20 jotron)

SART操作

SART Operation

SART通常存放在駕駛室。(見圖10-5)棄船時，必須將SART攜帶至救生艇；如果無法棄船，則必須將SART部署在船上。

The SART will normally be stowed on the Bridge. (see figure 10.5) The SART must be carried to the survival craft in the event of abandoning ship, or deployed on-board if abandoning ship is not possible.

Figure 10-5 裝在駕駛台及IMO安全標誌
Stowed on Bridge with IMO Safe Sign

在大多數情況下，SART容器和掛繩在SART部署和啟動後作為固定和支撐SART之用。

In most cases, the SART container and lanyard are used as a means of securing and retaining the SART when it has been deployed and activated.

為了部署和啟動SART，根據SART的類型，必須將其從容器中取出、啟動、插入容器並用提供的繫繩固定。(見圖10-6)然後應監控聲音和視覺指示，以確認SART正常運作。

In order to deploy and activate the SART, and depending on the type of SART, it must be removed from its container, activated, inserted in its container and secured with the supplied lanyard. (see figure 10-6) Audible and visual indications should then be monitored to confirm that the SART is functioning correctly.

Figure 10-6 裝設SART
Mounting SART

該設備的操作、維護和測試細節如下圖所示：

Details of operation, maintenance and testing of this equipment are provided as following illustrations:

Figure 10-7 典型SART(JRC JQX-20A)及其功能開關
Typical SART (JRC JQX-20A) and its functional switch

 

當搜救船或飛機上的9GHz波段雷達觸發雷達詢答器時，SART發射編碼響應訊號，透過雷達顯示器告知搜救人員倖存者的位置。(見圖10-8)

When the radar receiver is triggered by interrogating radar of 9 GHz band on a search and rescue ship or aircraft, the SART transmits a coded response signal to inform the searcher of the survivors’ position through the radar display. (see figure 10-8)

Figure 10-8 SART答詢碼顯示在搜救雷達螢幕上
SART code on rescuer radar screen

雙向特高頻手提式無線電裝置

Two-way VHF Portable Radio Apparatus

這些「對講機」式的無線電可提供短距離船舶/救生艇間通信，也可用於聯繫地面或空中搜救機構。

These “walkie-talkie” radios provide short-range inter-ship/survival craft communications and can be used for contacting surface or airborne SAR agencies.

Figure 10.9 IMO雙向VHF手提式無線電安全標誌
IMO Safe Sign for two-way VHF portable radio

手提式無線電裝置通常存放在駕駛台。若發生棄船事故，所有可用的手提式VHF/UHF無線電收發器應攜帶至救生艇上。

The portable radio apparatus will normally be stowed on the Bridge. In the event of abandonment, all available portable V/UHF transceivers should be carried to survival craft.

這些無線電為多頻道無線電，通常具有快速選擇遇險頻道的功能。它們還具有防水功能，結構堅固。

These radios are normally multi-channel and usually have a rapid means of selecting a distress channel. They are also waterproof and ruggedly constructed.

Figure 10-10 雙向VHF手提式無線電存放在駕駛台(JRC JHS-7)
Two-way VHF portable radios stowed on the bridge (JRC JHS-7)

無線電操作

Radio Operation

此類無線電的操作控制通常集中在頂部靠近天線的位置。操作包括開啟無線電、選擇最合適的頻道(通常為16頻道)並設定音量。使無線電在國際海事甚高頻遇險頻率上處於接收模式。

This type of radio usually has the operating controls grouped at the top of the radio, adjacent to the antenna. Operation involves switching the radio on, selecting the most appropriate channel (normally channel 16) and setting the volume level. This will set the radio to receive mode on the international marine VHF distress frequency.

若要發射無線電訊號，請執行上述操作：按下「按下發射」開關，然後以正常音量對著麥克風講話。

To transmit, carry out the above, press the Press-to- Transmit switch and talk at a normal level into the microphone.

船員應熟悉無線電發射和接收模式下的操作方法。

Crew members should become familiar with the method of operating the radio in both transmit and receive modes.

Figure 10-11 雙向VHF手提式無線電圖解(JRC JHS-7)
Illustration of Two-way VHF portable radio (JRC JHS-7)

手動傳送遇險訊息

Transmitting a manual distress message

使用VHF無線電發送遇險訊息時：

When transmit a distress message by VHF radio:

1. 講話前，按下「按下通話」(PTT)按鈕，或將無線電切換到「發送」模式。暫停片刻。

Before speaking, press the PRESS TO TALK (PTT) button, or switch the radio to TRANSMIT. Pause for a moment.

2. 講話時請緩慢清晰。切勿大聲喊叫。

Speak slowly and clearly. Do not shout.

3. 講話時請靠近麥克風(2或3指寬)，但不要接觸麥克風。

Speak close (2 or 3 fingers width) to, but not touching the microphone.

4. 用身體遮擋麥克風以防風切聲。

Use the body to shield the microphone from wind.

5. 提高音量，但不要讓聲音感到不適。廣播以下資訊：

Pitch the voice higher than normal, but avoid discomfort. Broadcast the following message:

6. "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY"

7. 重複三次船名或呼號

Repeat SHIPS NAME or CALL SIGN three times

8. “MAYDAY"

9. 位置(如已知)

POSITION (if known)

10. 遇險性質

NATURE OF DISTRESS

11. 需要救助的人數及所需救助類型

NUMBER OF PERSONS REQUIRING AID and TYPE OF AID REQUIRED

12. "OVER"

13. 暫停片刻，然後放開PTT鍵，將電台切換至接收模式。

Pause for a moment, and then release the PTT switch to change the radio to RECEIVE mode.

等待回覆。如果沒有收到回覆，請重複上述步驟。為節省電池電量，請勿連續發射。

Listen for a reply. If none is heard, repeat the above procedure. To conserve battery supplies, do not transmit continuously.

建立規律的發射和接收模式。

Establish a regular pattern for transmitting and listening.