船上安全訓練手冊 - 第十一章 煙火信號

船上安全訓練手冊
Shipboard Safety Training Manual

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang

第十一章 煙火信號
Chapter 11 Pyrotechnics Signals

 

11.1 一般訊息

General Information

本船依據「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)第三章第6.3條的規定，配備火箭降落傘信號彈。

This vessel is provided, as appropriate, with rocket parachute flares in compliance with Regulation 6.3 of Chapter III of SOLAS.

此外，本船的救生艇筏內還存放有火箭降落傘信號彈、手持信號彈和浮力煙霧信號，符合「國際救生器材章程」(LSA Code)第3.1、3.2和3.3的規定。

Furthermore, rocket parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke signals are stowed in the vessel's survival craft in compliance in compliance with paragraphs 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 of the International Life-Saving Appliances Code. (LSA Code)

這些煙火旨在用於視覺信號，幫助救援人員定位和救出救生艇筏或船上的人員。

These pyrotechnics are intended for use as visual signals to enable rescuers to locate and recover persons in survival craft or on the vessel.

所有煙火均裝在防水外殼內，並附有簡要說明或圖表，說明操作和安全資訊。

All pyrotechnics are contained in water-resistant casings, and have brief instructions or diagrams showing operation and safety information.

Figure 11-1 IMO煙火信號安全標誌
IMO Safe Signs for Pyrotechnic

11.2 煙火的使用

Use of Pyrotechnics

火箭降落傘火焰信號彈

Rocket Parachute Flare

火箭降落傘火焰信號彈是一種遠距離信號裝置，可在白天或夜間使用。夜間，該裝置在30英里(48公里)的距離內均可看見。

The rocket parachute flare is a long range signalling device for day or night use. At night, this device will be visible at up to 30 miles (48 Km) distance.

手持發射器發射火箭推進的彈藥筒，射程至少300公尺。到達此高度後，彈藥筒會噴出一枚紅色降落傘火焰信號彈，其發光強度不低於30,000 cd，持續時間不少於40秒。

The hand held launcher fires a rocket-propelled cartridge up to a height of not less than 300 metres. At this height the cartridge ejects a red parachute flare which burns with a luminous intensity of not less than 30,000 cd for not less than 40 seconds.

火箭降落傘火焰信號彈主要用於向船舶發出信號。

The rocket parachute flare is primarily intended for signalling to ships.

當飛機或直升機在附近時，請勿使用火箭發射的火焰信號彈。如果飛機或直升機被火箭擊中，可能會受損。

Do not use rocket-launched flares when aircraft or helicopters are in the immediate area. Aircraft or helicopters may be damaged if struck by the rocket.

為了最大限度地提高火焰訊號的可見度，發射器通常直接向上發射。在低雲層(低於300公尺)的情況下，發射器應以45度角指向下風方向發射。這樣，訊號彈會在雲層以下的較低高度(約200公尺)噴出。

To provide maximum visibility for the flare, the launcher is normally pointed directly upwards for firing. In a situation where there is low cloud cover (less than 300 metres), the launcher should be fired while pointing at a vertical angle of 45∘facing downwind. This will cause the flare to be ejected at a lower level (approximately 200 metres), below the cloud cover.

每艘救生艇配備4枚火箭降落傘信號彈，煙火庫房(通常位於駕駛台)內存放的降落傘信號彈應不少於12枚。

Each survival craft carries 4 rocket parachute flares and not less than 12 parachute flares are stowed in the Pyrotechnics Locker (normally on the Bridge).

Figure 11-2 典型紅色火箭降落傘火焰信號彈
Typical Red Parachute rocket

 

手持信號彈

Hand Flare

手持信號彈是一種晝夜均可使用的信號裝置。由於手持信號彈的燃燒高度低於火箭發射的信號彈，因此在很遠的距離內難以被看到。

The hand flare is a signalling device for day or night use. Because the hand flare burns at a lower level than the rocket launched flare, it is not visible over such a great distance.

點燃後，應將信號彈盡可能高地舉到救生艇的背風面。紅色信號彈的發光強度不低於15,000 cd，持續時間不少於60秒。

When ignited, the flare should be held aloft as high as possible on the leeward side of the survival craft. The red flare will burn with a luminous intensity of not less than 15,000 cd for not less than 60 seconds.

手持信號彈主要用於向飛機或直升機發出信號。當船舶距離夠近，能夠清晰可見時，它也能有效地向船舶發出信號。

The hand flare is intended primarily for signalling to aircraft or helicopters. It is also effective for signalling to ships when they are close enough to be clearly seen.

每艘救生艇配備6支手持信號彈。

Each survival craft carries 6 hand flares.

Figure 11-3 典型手持信號彈
Typical Hand-Held Flare

浮力煙霧信號

Buoyant Smoke Signals

浮力煙霧信號僅供日間使用。此浮標會釋放出濃密且顏色醒目的煙霧，持續時間不少於3分鐘。

The buoyant smoke signal is intended for daylight use only. This floating marker emits dense smoke of a highly visible colour for not less than 3 minutes.

啟動後，應將煙霧信號拋至救生艇或船隻的下風側。煙霧信號筒會自行朝上，並在漂浮過程中釋放煙霧。

When activated, the smoke signal should be thrown overboard to the leeward side of the survival craft or vessel. The marker will right itself, and will emit smoke while floating in the water.

浮力煙霧信號尤其適用於向飛機或直升機發出訊號。如果使用直升機進行救援，煙霧信號還能提供直升機機組人員地面風向指示。在平靜的天氣條件下，從船上也能看到煙霧信號，但在強風天氣下，船隻可能難以看到煙霧信號。

The buoyant smoke marker is particularly effective for signalling to aircraft or helicopters. In the event of a rescue by helicopter, the smoke marker also provides an indication of surface wind direction to the helicopter crew. In calm conditions smoke markers are also visible from ships, but in high winds ships may have difficulty seeing the marker.

這些信號產生的煙霧無毒，但可能會在皮膚上留下橙色痕跡。這種痕跡無害，而且很快就會消失。

The smoke produced by these signals is non toxic, but it may leave an orange tint on the skin. This is harmless and soon wears off.

每艘救生艇筏配備兩個浮力煙霧信號

Each survival craft carries 2 buoyant smoke signals.

Figure 11-4 典型橘色煙霧信號
Typical Buoyant Orange Smoke Signal

緊急燈和煙霧標誌

Emergency Light and Smoke Markers

緊急燈和煙霧標誌是晝夜混合型標誌，可安全用於含汽油或油污的水域。當作為緊急救生圈部署的一部分啟動時，標誌會透過濃密的彩色煙霧和明亮的燈光指示位置。

Emergency light and smoke markers are combined day/night markers that are safe for use in petrol or oil covered water. When activated as part of an emergency lifebuoy deployment, the position of the marker is indicated by dense coloured smoke and bright lights.

這些標誌通常連接到安裝在駕駛室兩翼快速釋放滑槽中的救生圈上。當救生圈被釋放時會連同標誌一起下海並啟動。

The markers are normally connected to lifebuoys that are installed in quick-release chutes on the bridge wings. When the lifebuoy is released the marker is automatically deployed and activated.

如果這些標誌連接到安裝在艙壁上的救生圈，也可以手動啟動。

The markers can also be manually activated if they are connected to bulkhead mounted lifebuoys.

Figure 11-5 典型緊急燈和煙霧標誌
Typical Emergency Light and Smoke Marker

11.3 安全

Safety

所有煙火裝置均含有會產生大量熱量的材料；但只要遵循以下說明，即可安全便捷地使用。

All pyrotechnics contain materials that generate considerable heat; but they are safe and easy to use if the following instructions are observed.

1. 熟記本船所載煙火裝置的用途，並了解如何以及何時使用它們。

Learn by heart the purpose of the pyrotechnic devices carried on this ship and know how and when to use them.

2. 嚴格遵循製造商的說明，以獲得最佳效能。

Follow the manufacturer's instructions exactly to obtain optimum performance.

3. 仔細閱讀每個標籤上的操作說明，並牢記以備將來使用。請記住 - 在緊急情況下節省時間可以挽救生命。

Carefully read the operating instructions on each label and memorise them for future use. Remember - time saved in an emergency can save lives.

如果煙火裝置無法啟動，請將其保持在點火位置至少三十秒。如果仍然無法啟動，請取下端蓋並將其放入一桶水中。必須取下端蓋，以便水滲入外殼，使信號失效。

If a pyrotechnic fails to operate, keep it in a firing position for at least thirty seconds. If it still has not operated, remove end caps and place in a bucket of water. End caps must be removed to allow water to penetrate the casing thus rendering the signal harmless.

除遇險以外的任何情況下發射遇險信號均屬違法行為。過期的煙火不得在海上用於測試或練習，也不得在陸地上用作煙火，並應在過期後儘快運上岸。

The firing of distress signals in any situation other that distress is an offence. Expired pyrotechnics must not be used at sea for tests or practice purposes or used on land as fireworks, and should be landed ashore as soon as possible after their expiry date.

 

11.4 保養和維修

Maintenance and Repair

所有煙火必須存放在正確的位置，並使用經核准的容器。

All pyrotechnics must be stored in the correct location, and in an approved container.

所有煙火必須定期檢查是否有變質跡象，並確保其未超過有效期限。

All pyrotechnics must be regularly inspected for signs of deterioration, and to ensure that they have not passed their expiry date.

安全官負責煙火的檢查和保養。

The Safety Officer is responsible for the inspection and care of pyrotechnics.

煙火含有高度易燃材料。在任何情況下，都不得嘗試對任何煙火裝置進行任何修理。

Pyrotechnics contain highly flammable materials. Under no circumstances should any repair be attempted on any pyrotechnic device.

禁止向海中傾倒塑膠垃圾；因此，過期的煙火必須透過以下方式之一進行處置：

The dumping at sea of plastic garbage is prohibited; therefore, pyrotechnics that have passed their expiry date must be disposed of by one of the following methods:

1. 直接或透過其當地代表或代理商將其退還給供應商

Returning them to the supplier, directly or via their local representative or agents

2. 在救生筏送上岸進行維修時，請救生筏維修站接收船上過期的煙火

Requesting a liferaft service station to accept any of the ship's out-of-date pyrotechnics when liferafts are being sent ashore for servicing

3. 聯絡海岸警衛隊或警察，可以透過軍事機構安排處置

Contacting the Coastguard or police who will be able to arrange disposal through a military establishment

只有在需要採取行動以確保船舶和船上人員的安全，或拯救海上生命時，才可以在海上拋棄煙火。

The only occasion when pyrotechnics can be disposed of at sea is if the action is required to secure the safety of the ship and those on board or saving life at sea.