船上消防訓練手冊 - 第四章 防火構造

船上消防訓練手冊
Shipboard Fire Training Manual

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang

第四章 防火構造
Chapter 4 Structural Fire Protection

 

4. 一般資訊
General Information

本章重點在於根據「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)第II-2章「防火、探火與滅火」，提供船舶防火隔艙設計，火災發生時阻隔火勢蔓延與船員逃生路徑等資訊。

This chapter focuses on the design of fire compartments, preventing the spread of fire, and providing escape routes for crew members in accordance with Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), “Fire protection, Fire detection and Fire extinction”.

 

4.1 防火門
Fire Doors

為了限制火勢蔓延，船舶的艙壁和甲板均按照特定的防火標準建造。根據船舶類型和周圍空間的性質，適用不同的標準。艙壁的耐火等級通常以A、B或C表示，後面加一個數字，表示阻隔止指定溫升的時間。
In order to restrict the spread of fire the bulkheads and decks of a vessel are constructed to a particular standard. Various standards apply depending on the type of vessel and the nature of the space surrounded. Generally the fire resistance of a bulkhead is expressed as A, B or C followed by a number indicating the time that the division will prevent a specified temperature rise.

「A」級
Class “A”

由鋼或同等材料製成的隔間，能夠阻止煙霧或火焰在一小時內通過。「A」級隔間艙壁應採用不燃材料隔熱，以確保在火災發生側，平均溫升不會超過初始溫度139攝氏度，且任何一點的溫升也不會超過180攝氏度。
A division constructed of steel or equivalent material and capable of preventing the passage of smoke or flame for one hour. Class ‘A’ division bulkheads should be insulated with noncombustible materials so that on the side opposite to the fire the average temperature will not rise more than 139 degrees C above the original temperature, nor more than 180 degrees C at any one point.

「A-60」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少60分鐘。
Class “A-60” - Must prevent the stated temperature rise for at least 60 minutes.

「A-30」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少30分鐘。
Class “A-30” - Must prevent the stated temperature rise for at least 30 minutes.

「A-15」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少15分鐘。
Class “A-15” - Must prevent the stated temperature rise for at least 15 minutes.

「A-0」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少0分鐘。
Class “A-0”  - Must prevent the stated temperature rise forat least  0 minutes.

 

「B」級
Class “B”

「B」級隔間必須由經核准的不燃材料建造，但可燃材料在滿足其他某些要求的情況下也可以使用。
A class “B” division must be constructed of approved non-combustible material except that combustible materials may be permitted provided they meet certain other requirements.

在標準測試的前半小時內，能夠阻止火焰通過的隔間。隔熱材料應確保背火一側的平均溫升不會超過初始溫度139攝氏度，且任何一點的溫升也不會超過225攝氏度。
A division capable of preventing the passage of flame for the first half an hour of the standard test. The insulation should be such that on the side opposite to a fire the average temperature will not rise more than 139 degrees C above the original temperature, nor more then 225 degrees C at any one point

「B-15」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少15分鐘。
Class “B-15” - Must prevent the stated temperature rise for at least 15 minutes.

「B-0」級 - 必須阻止規定的溫升至少0分鐘。
Class “B-0” - Must prevent the stated temperature rise for at least  0 minutes.

 

「C」級
Class “C”

這些隔間由經核准的不燃材料建造。它們無需滿足限制煙霧和火焰通過的要求，也無需滿足與溫升相關的限制。
These divisions are constructed of approved non combustible materials. They do not need to meet the requirements for limiting the passage of smoke and flame nor limitations relative to temperature rise.

可燃飾面只要符合其他要求即可使用。
Combustible veneers are permitted provided they meet other requirements.

防水門無需隔熱。
Water tight doors are not required to be insulated

 

貨船耐火隔艙門
Doors in fire-resisting divisions in cargo ships

門的耐火性能應相當於其所在隔艙的耐火等級，具體情況需根據「耐火試驗程序章程」確定。
The fire resistance of doors shall be equivalent to that of the division in which they are fitted, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code.

「A」級隔艙門和門框應由鋼製成。「B」級隔艙門應為不燃材料。安裝在A類機器場所邊界艙壁上的門應具有合理的氣密性並能自動關閉。
Doors and door frames in "A" class divisions shall be constructed of steel. Doors in "B" class divisions shall be non combustible. Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of category A shall be reasonably gastight and self-closing.

Figure 4-1 防火等級安全標誌
Safe Sign for Fire Classes

要求自動關閉的門不得安裝鎖鉤。但是，可以使用裝有故障安全型遙控釋放裝置的鎖鉤。在走廊艙壁上，允許在客艙和公共處所的門內和門下設置通風口。通往盥洗室、辦公室、廚房、儲物櫃和儲藏室的「B」級門也允許設置通風口。除下文允許的情況外，通風口應僅設在門的下半部。
Doors required to be self closing shall not be fitted with hold-back hooks. However, holdback arrangements fitted with remote release devices of the fail safe type may be utilized. In corridor bulkheads, ventilation openings may be permitted in and under the doors of cabins and public spaces. Ventilation openings are also permitted in "B" class doors leading to lavatories, offices, pantries, lockers and store-rooms. Except as permitted below, the openings shall be provided only in the lower half of a door.

如果此類通風口位於門內或門下，任何此類通風口的總淨面積不得超過0.05平方公尺。或者，允許在住艙和走廊之間、位於衛生單元下方設置不燃材質的空氣平衡管道，但管道的橫截面積不得超過0.05平方米。除門下的通風口外，其他通風口應安裝不燃材料製成的格柵。
Where such an opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m². Alternatively, a non combustible air balance duct routed between the cabin and the corridor, and located below the sanitary unit, is permitted where the cross sectional area of the duct does not exceed 0.05 m². Ventilation openings, except those under the door, shall be fitted with a grill made of non combustible material.

上層建築和甲板室外邊界的門允許不具備「A」級完整性，但可採用任何符合載重線要求的材料。
Doors in the outer boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses are permitted to not have “A” Class integrity may be of any material subject to compliance with load line requirements.

設計用於室內的「A」級門組件可能不適合在暴露於外界的位置使用，因為它們結構輕且易腐蝕。
”A” Class door assemblies designed for interior use may not be suitable for use in positions exposed to the weather because of their light construction and susceptibility to corrosion.

對於貨船和油船，防火門必須能自動關閉，但僅適用於當船舶處於平衡位置時，即使法規沒有明確規定這一點。
For cargo ships and tankers the requirement for doors to be self-closing, only applies to the doors when the ship is in the upright position even though the Regulations do not specifically state this.

 

4.2 防火檔板
Fire Dampers

防火檔安裝在通風管道和進氣口中，以便在發生火災時密封和隔離各部分，阻止熱量和煙霧的進入。
Fire dampers are provided in ventilation ducts and air intakes in order that in event of a fire sections may be sealed and isolated and so prohibit the passage of heat and smoke.

最簡單的防火檔由位於風管內的一塊實心金屬(鋼板)組成。在開啟位置時，防火檔板可讓空氣自由流過管道；在關閉位置時，防火檔板完全阻止空氣、煙霧和熱量通過管道。
In its simplest form the damper will consist of a solid metal (steel) plate located inside an air duct. In its open position the damper allows the free flow of air through a duct and in its closed position it completely prevents the passage of air, smoke and heat through the duct.

所有防火檔板均需手動操作。
All dampers are required to be manually operated.

防火檔板的手動控制應獨立於任何自動控制裝置，並能超越任何自動控制裝置。
Manual control of a fire damper is to be independent of and capable of overriding any automatic means of control.

手動關閉通常透過直接連接到檔板葉片主軸的手柄進行，但也可以透過位於隔板兩側的故障安全電氣開關或氣動釋放裝置(彈簧式等)對防火檔板進行現場操作，並能指示防火檔板的狀態。
Manual closing is normally by means of a handle linked directly to the damper blade spindle, but may be achieved by local operation of the fire damper by means of a fail-safe electrical switch or pneumatic release (spring loaded, etc.), on both sides of the division, with indication of fire damper status.

當要求自動關閉防火檔板時，操作裝置應位於艙口圍堰或套管插口內，以便透過通風管道的熱氣體啟動。
When a fire damper is required to be closed automatically, the means of operation shall be situated inside the coaming or spigot such that it can be activated by hot gases passing through the ventilation ducting.

操作裝置應在68°C至79°C(含)的溫度下啟動，但在環境溫度較高場所(例如廚房和烘乾室)的排氣管路中，操作裝置啟動的溫度可升高至不超過該層甲板頂部最高溫度的30°C。
The means of operation shall be activated at temperatures within the range of 68°C to 79°C inclusive, except that in exhaust ducts serving spaces with high ambient temperatures such as galleys and drying rooms, the temperature at which the means of operation is activated may be increased to not more than 30°C above the maximum deck head temperature.

當自動操作防火檔板的裝置是彈簧和熔斷鍊時，除非考慮任何其他有效的釋放裝置，該融斷鏈需要能夠透過從管道外部拔出鉤住鏈的插銷手動釋放。
When the means of operating a fire damper automatically is a spring and fusible link, the link is required to be capable of being released manually from outside the duct by withdrawing the pin over which the link is hooked except that any other effective means of release would be considered.

氣動或電氣系統必須能夠確保防火擋板在空氣釋放或任何一個部件或電源故障時關閉。
A pneumatic or electrical system must be such that the fire damper closes on release of the air or failure of any one of the components or power supply.

為了滿足SOLAS公約的規定的從艙壁或甲板兩側操作防火擋板的要求，可在隔板兩側的圍堰或插口內安裝一個擋板，兩個擋板都可獨立操作。當公約規定要求自動操作時，兩個擋板中只需有一個能夠自動關閉。
In order to satisfy the requirements of the SOLAS to operate a fire damper from both sides of a bulkhead or deck as indicated in the Regulations, a damper may be fitted on each side of the division within the coaming or spigot, the dampers being operated independently of each other. Only one of the two dampers need be capable of being closed automatically when automatic operation is required by the SOLAS regulations.

或者，可根據需要在艙壁或甲板的一側安裝手動或自動擋板，用於現場手動操作，此外，還可以使用合適的連桿裝置從此類隔板的盲側進行手動操作。在兩個操作位置都應遵守本節的說明。
Alternatively a single manual or automatic damper as appropriate may be fitted on one side of the bulkhead or deck, arranged for local manual operation, and in addition for manual operation from the blind side of such a division using a suitable linkage. The instructions of this section should be complied with at both operating positions.

SOLAS公約要求每個擋板都安裝一個可見的指示器，以顯示擋板處於開啟或關閉位置。指示方式應從操作位置可見。
Each damper is required by the SOLAS regulations to be fitted with a visible indicator to show whether the damper is in the open or closed position. The method of indication should be visible from the operating position.

手動和自動控制器、指示器、檢修面板和任何其他組件應與艙口圍堰保持足夠距離，以使艙口圍堰能夠得到適當的隔離。
The manual and automatic controls, indicator, access panels and any other component should be sufficiently clear of the coaming to enable the coaming to be properly insulated.

當擋板處於開啟和關閉位置時，擋板的手動和自動控制裝置應遠離隔艙區、隔艙的絕緣層或檔板位於開或關的位置時不應有任何其他障礙物。
Manual and automatic controls of a damper are to be clear of the division, the insulation on the division or any other obstruction when the damper is in the open and closed positions.

如果任何擋板位於甲板頂層或其他襯板的後面，則穿過甲板頂層或襯板的通道必須標記為「防火擋板」。也應標註用於識別特定擋板的符號。
If any damper is located behind a deck head panel or other lining the access through the deck head or lining must be marked “FIRE DAMPER”. There should also be a notation by which the particular damper may be identified.

 

4.3 逃生途徑
Means of escape

船舶的設計應確保所有船員在發生火災或其他緊急情況時，能夠快速安全地撤離任何艙室並來到救生艇登乘甲板。
The design of a vessel should allow for all crew to quickly and safely evacuate any compartment and access the survival craft embarkation deck in the event of a fire or other emergency.

逃生路線既是逃生路線，也是進出路線。逃生路線應保持安全狀態，無障礙物，並應根據需要提供額外的逃生輔助設施，以確保其可及性、清晰的標示和充分的應急設計。
Escape routes are both routes for escape and access. Escape routes shall be maintained in a safe condition, clear of obstacles and additional aids for escape shall be provided as necessary to ensure accessibility, clear marking, and adequate design for emergency situations.

所有場所或場所群組，應至少設置兩條相距較遠且隨時可用的逃生通道。
At least two widely separated and ready means of escape shall be provided from all spaces or groups of spaces.

電梯不應被視為逃生通道之一。
Lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the means of escape.

逃生門應僅能從人員需要逃生的門側操作，且其設計應能保持門的完整性和隔熱標準，並防止任何非法進入。
Escape panels should only be capable of being operated from that side of the door from which a person needs to escape and should be of such a design as to preserve the integrity and insulation standard of the door and prevent any unlawful entry into a space.

逃生出口應以綠底白字標示「逃生出口 - 踢出」字樣。
Escape panels should be marked with the words “ESCAPE PANEL - KICK OUT” in white letters on a green background.

所有裝在住艙艙壁上的「B」級門在上鎖後，應能夠從住艙側手動打開，而無需使用鑰匙。
Every 'B' Class door fitted in a cabin bulkhead should be capable, when locked, of being opened manually from the cabin side other than by means of the key.

除住艙門外，所有裝在逃生路線開口處的「B」級門均不能夠鎖閉，除非出於安全原因，若船東需要鎖閉此類門，鑰匙應放在門兩側靠近門的玻璃盒中。
Any 'B' Class door, other than a cabin door, which is fitted to an opening forming part of an escape route should not be capable of being locked shut, except that when such a door is required to be locked shut by the owner for security reasons keys should be provided on each side of the door in glass fronted boxes fitted close to the door.

 

樓梯和梯道
Stairways and ladder ways

寬度應在梯面兩側或扶手之間測量，以較小者為準。
The width is to be measured on the tread within the sides or between the handrails, whichever is the least.

樓梯單段長度不應超過一層甲板或3.5公尺的垂直距離，以較小者為準。
Stairways should not extend in a single flight more than one deck or a vertical distance of 3.5m whichever is the least.

無論哪種情況，樓梯間都應設有一個平台，其較短部分的長度不小於樓梯的寬度。但當只能將此類樓梯佈置成向同一方向傾斜而無轉向時，應以不少於2m長度的平台隔開。
In either case, the stairways should be separated by a landing having its shorter dimension not less than the width of the wider stairway. However when it is only possible to arrange such stairways to slope in the same direction without being offset, they should be separated by a landing having a length not less than 2m.

樓梯和梯道應盡可能朝縱向傾斜，而不是橫向傾斜，通常與垂直方向的傾斜角度不小於45度。
Stairways and ladder ways should, as far as possible, be pitched fore and aft, not athwart ships, and should normally be inclined at not less than 45º to the vertical.

一般而言，每級階梯的高度應保持不變，以便於上下樓梯，尤其是在緊急情況下。
In general, the rise of each step should be kept constant to facilitate easy movement up (or down) the stairway, especially in an emergency situation.

 

走廊和門道
Corridors and doorways

通往樓梯間或露天甲板的走廊和門道應足夠寬，以防止擁擠。如果是位於樓梯間的走廊和門道，其寬度不得小於樓梯間的寬度。
Corridors and doorways providing access to and from stairways or open decks should be of sufficient width to prevent congestion and, in the case of those serving stairways, should not be less than the width of the stairways.

走廊應在距甲板約1,000毫米(1公尺)的高度安裝扶手。
Handrails should be fitted in corridors at an approximate height of 1000mm (1 metre) above the deck

艙口
Hatches

如果艙口是船員從起居處所逃生的第二通道，則艙口的尺寸應允許穿著救生衣的人員逃生。
Where hatches are provided as the second means of escape for crew from accommodation spaces, the hatches should be of such dimensions as will allow a person to escape wearing a lifejacket.

任何用於從船員起居處所逃生的艙口都不應上鎖，並且應可從下方和上方操作。此類艙口最好配備平衡重物，以便於開啟。應使用固定鋼梯進入艙口。
Any hatch provided for escape from crew accommodation or working spaces should not be capable of being locked and should be operable from below and above. It is preferable for such a hatch to be provided with a counter-balance weight for ease of opening. Access to the hatch should be by means of a fixed steel ladder.

逃生艙口的位置應確保其不會被甲板貨物或物料堆疊。
The escape hatches are so sited that they cannot be over-stowed with deck cargo or stores.

當艙口安裝在「A」級或「B」級甲板上時，其構造應不損害甲板的完整性和耐火標準。
When the hatches are fitted in 'A' Class or 'B' Class decks, their construction should be such that the integrity and insulation standards of the decks are not impaired.

 

船員餐廳、娛樂室等
Crew mess rooms, recreation rooms etc.

當餐廳、娛樂室、電視間及類似的公共空間可同時容納超過15名船員時，此類空間通常應設有兩扇通往相鄰走廊的門。如無法做到這一點，則除設有通往走廊的門外，還應設有通往露天甲板的門；如果同樣無法做到這一點，則可考慮設置逃生窗或舷窗。
When mess rooms, recreation rooms, television rooms and similar communal spaces are provided to accommodate more than 15 crew members at any one time, such spaces in general should have two doors to the adjacent corridor. In cases where this is not possible, in addition to the provision of a door to the corridor, a door to the open deck should be provided, or if this is also not possible, an escape window or side scuttle may be accepted.

 

船員艙室門
Doors in crew accommodation

逃生路線上的門通常不應鎖閉。但是，如果驗船師確信逃生路線仍然可用，則可出於安全目的鎖閉通往「敏感區域」的門。
Doors in an escape route should not normally be locked closed. However, doors which give access to “sensitive areas” may be locked for security purposes, provided the surveyor is satisfied that the escape routes will remain viable.

除非另有明確規定，否則禁止使用僅有一條逃生路線的走廊、門廳或部分走廊。在船舶實際必需使用的服務區域內，例如加油站和橫向船舶補給走廊，可允許使用死巷弄，但此類死巷弄應與船員艙室隔開。此外，走廊深度不超過其寬度的部分被視為凹進處或局部延伸，也是允許的。
Unless expressly provided otherwise a corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from which there is only one route of escape shall be prohibited. Dead-end corridors used in service areas which are necessary for the practical utility of the ship, such as fuel oil stations and athwart ship supply corridors, shall be permitted, provided such dead-end corridors are separated from crew accommodation areas Also, a part of a corridor that has a depth not exceeding its width is considered a recess or local extension and is permitted.

除非主管機關核准使用其他等效材料，否則起居場所、服務場所及控制站內的所有樓梯應採用鋼框架結構。
All stairways in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of steel frame construction except where the Administration sanctions the use of other equivalent material.

如果無線電台沒有可直接通往露天甲板的通道，則應設置兩條通往或離開無線電台的逃生通道，其中一條可以是足夠大小的舷窗或窗戶，或經主管機關認可的其他方式。
If a radiotelegraph station has no direct access to the open deck, two means of escape from, or access to, the station shall be provided, one of which may be a porthole or window of sufficient size or other means to the satisfaction of the Administration.

逃生路線上的門一般應朝逃生方向打開，但以下情況除外：個人住艙的門可以朝艙室方向打開，以避免在門打開時對走廊中的人員造成傷害；垂直緊急逃生通道上的門可以朝外打開。
Doors in escape routes shall, in general, open in way of the direction of escape, except that: individual cabin doors may open into the cabins in order to avoid injury to persons in the corridor when the door is opened; and doors in vertical emergency escape trunks may open out of the escape trunk.

 

一般規定
General

• 各層起居艙室應設置至少兩條相距較遠的逃生通道，以便從每個限制區域或處所群組逃生。
At all levels of accommodation there shall be provided at least two widely separated means of escape from each restricted space or group of spaces.

• 最低開敞甲板以下，主要逃生通道應為樓梯，第二逃生通道可以是圍堰或樓梯。
Below the lowest open deck the main means of escape shall be a stairway and the second escape may be a trunk or a stairway.

• 最低開放甲板以上，逃生通道應為通往開放式甲板的樓梯、門，或兩者兼有。
Above the lowest open deck the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof.

• 不得設定長度超過7公尺的死巷弄。
No dead-end corridors having a length of more than 7 m shall be accepted.

• 所有船舶起居艙室至少應配備兩套緊急逃生呼吸裝置(EEBD)。
All ships shall carry at least two Emergency Escape Breathing Devices within accommodation spaces.

 

控制站、起居艙室和服務艙室的逃生通道
Means of escape from control stations, accommodation spaces and service spaces

一般要求
General requirements

樓梯和梯子的佈置，應確保乘客和船員起居處所以及船員通常工作的場所(機艙除外)，能夠方便地逃生至救生艇和救生筏登艇甲板。
Stairways and ladders shall be so arranged as to provide ready means of escape to the lifeboat and life raft embarkation deck from passenger and crew accommodation spaces and from spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces.

 

露天甲板以下的起居室
Accommodation below the weather deck

露天甲板以下主艙壁之間的每間起居室應設有兩條逃生通道，且逃生通道應盡可能寬。一條樓梯應直接通往登艇甲板或上層甲板，另一樓梯應通往上層甲板或更高層甲板，並通過甲板樓層邊界處的內部樓梯和/或門以及外部樓梯，通往登艇甲板。然而，如果不可行，通往上層甲板或更高層甲板的樓梯，可以用位於圍堰內的垂直梯子代替，該圍堰可提供相同程度的通行。

The two means of escape from each group of accommodation spaces situated between main bulkheads below the weather deck should be stairways as widely separated as possible. One stairway should provide direct access to the embarkation deck or higher deck and the other stairway should lead to the deck over or a higher deck which provides access to the embarkation deck by means of internal stairways and/or doors in the boundaries of the deckhouses and external ladders. However, if this is not practicable, the stairway which leads to the deck over or higher deck may be replaced by a vertical ladder inside a trunk which provides the same degree of access

在某些情況下，根據所考慮場所的佈局和樓梯的位置，可能需要在圍堰內設置兩個垂直梯子，一個位於左舷，一個位於右舷，以便為該群組場所提供足夠的逃生通道。
In certain circumstances, depending on the layout of the spaces under consideration and the position of the stairway, it may be necessary to provide two vertical ladders within trunks, one port and one starboard, in order to provide adequate means of escape from the group of spaces.

 

露天甲板上的方起居室
Accommodation above the weather deck

露天甲板上方每層起居室的兩個逃生通道，應為盡可能間隔較遠的樓梯。一個樓梯應直接通往登艇甲板或上層甲板，另一個樓梯應通往可前往登艇甲板的上層甲板或高層甲板，但如果甲板樓層兩側服務於該層處所的走廊至少有一扇門能通往登艇甲板，則無需再設置另一樓梯。兩扇門與直接通往登艇甲板的樓梯應盡可能分開。
The two means of escape from each group of accommodation spaces situated above the weather deck should be stairways as widely separated as possible. One stairway should provide direct access to the embarkation deck or higher deck and the other stairway should lead to the deck over or higher deck which provides access to the embarkation deck except that this stairway need not be fitted if there is at least one door from the corridor serving the group of spaces in each side of the deckhouse which provides access to the embarkation deck. The two doors and the stairway providing direct access to the embarkation deck should be as widely separated as possible.

逃生路線既可用於逃生，也可用於進入。因此，鎖閉裝置不應妨礙這兩個目的(逃生和進入)，並且逃生路線上的門應可從兩側打開。應可從通往的露天甲板的逃生路線前往登艇甲板。
The escape routes are routes for escape and also for access. Accordingly, the locking arrangements should be such that it does not obstruct these two objectives (escape and access) and that the doors in way of the escape routes can be opened from both sides. The embarkation deck should be accessible from the open decks to which the escape routes lead.

密閉通道應可用於逃生，也可用於進入。
Trunk in order to permit the trunk to be used both for escape and for access.

 

機艙的逃生通道
Means of escape from machinery spaces

每個機艙的逃生通道應符合下列規定。
Means of escape from each machinery space shall comply with the following provisions.

每個A類機器場所應設置兩個逃生通道。尤其應符合下列規定之一：
Two means of escape shall be provided from each machinery space of category A. In particular, one of the following provisions shall be complied with:

兩組鋼梯，間隔盡可能遠離，通往機艙上部的門，門的間隔也盡可能遠離，並可從該門前往開敞甲板。其中一組鋼梯應位於受保護的密閉空間內，從其所在處所可通往外部的安全位置。密閉逃生通道空間內應安裝符合相同耐火完整性標準的自閉式防火門。梯子的固定方式應確保熱量不會透過非隔熱固定點傳遞到密閉空間內。
Two sets of steel ladders, as widely separated as possible, leading to doors in the upper part of the space, similarly separated and from which access is provided to the open deck. One of these ladders shall be located within a protected enclosure, from the lower part of the space it serves to a safe position outside the space. Self-closing fire doors of the same fire integrity standards shall be fitted in the enclosure. The ladder shall be fixed in such a way that heat is not transferred into the enclosure through non-insulated fixing points.

密閉逃生通道的最小內部尺寸應至少為800毫米 x 800毫米，並應配備緊急照明設備；或配備一個鋼梯，通向處所上方的門，通過該門可以進入開敞甲板，此外，在該處所下部，與所述梯子良好隔離的位置，應配備一扇可從兩側操作的鋼門，可從該處所下部直接通往露天甲板，提供安全的逃生路線。

The enclosure shall have minimum internal dimensions of at least 800 mm x 800 mm, and shall have emergency lighting provisions; or one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to the open deck and, additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the open deck.

除A類機器場所外，其他機器場所應設置兩條逃生路線，但對於偶爾進入的場所以及到門的最大行進距離為5米或更短的場所，可接受單條逃生路線。
From machinery spaces other than those of category A, two escape routes shall be provided except that a single escape route may be accepted for spaces that are entered only occasionally, and for spaces where the maximum travel distance to the door is 5 m or less.

軟梯，即帶有柔性鋼絲繩(或鏈條)的梯子，不得作為任何逃生路線的一部分。
Flexible ladders, i.e. ladders having strings of flexible steel wire rope (or chains) are not acceptable as forming part of any escape route.