船上安全訓練手冊 - 第六章 救生圈

 船上安全訓練手冊
Shipboard Safety Training Manual

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang

第六章 救生圈
Chapter 6 Lifebuoys

 

6.1 一般資訊

General Information

本船配備符合「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)第三章第7.1條和第32.1條規定的救生圈。

This vessel is provided, as appropriate, with lifebuoys in compliance with Regulations 7.1 and 32.1 of Chapter III of SOLAS.

此外，救生圈的構造、配件和配件均符合「國際救生設備規則」(LSA Code)第2.1款的要求。

In addition, the lifebuoys' construction, fittings and attachments satisfy the requirements of paragraph 2.1 of the International Life-Saving Appliance Code. (LSA Code)

救生圈由固有浮力材料製成，存放在船舶兩側的露天甲板上，以便能快速取用。船尾必須存放至少一個救生圈。

Lifebuoys are constructed of an inherently buoyant material and stored on both sides of the ship on open decks in readiness for rapid operation. At least one lifebuoy must be stowed at the stern of the ship.

每個救生圈均應配有抓繩，並標示船名和船籍港。

Each lifebuoy is fitted with a grabline and marked with the name and port of registry of the ship on which it's carried.

救生圈可配備三種類型的配件：

Lifebuoys may be provided with three types of attachments:

1. 帶浮力救生索的救生圈

Lifebuoy with buoyant lifeline

2. 帶自燃燈的救生圈

Lifebuoy with self-igniting light

3. 帶自燃燈和自發性煙霧訊號的救生圈

Lifebuoy with self-igniting light and self-activating smoke signal

有燈和自發性煙霧訊號的救生圈應安裝在駕駛台的快速釋放裝置上。

Lifebuoys provided with lights and smoke signals are mounted in a quick release mechanism operated from the Bridge.

除快速釋放裝置的救生圈重量不得小於4公斤外，其餘救生圈重量不得小於2.5公斤。

Except the lifebuoys mounted in a quick-release arrangement must have a mass of not less than 4 kg. The mass of other lifebuoys should have not less than 2.5 kg.

Figure 6-1 IMO救生圈安全標誌

IMO Safe Signs for Lifebuoys

 

6.2 救生圈的使用

Use of Lifebuoys

救生圈最常見的用途是立即投放救助落水人員。落水人員可能是從本船落水，也可能是從其他船舶或艇筏落水，甚至可能是從碼頭落水。

The most likely use for a lifebuoy is to give immediate assistance to a person who has fallen into the water. This might be a person falling overboard from this ship, or a person falling from another ship or craft, or perhaps from a jetty or quay.

任何船員看到有人落水都應：

Any crew member seeing someone falling into the water should:

1. 大喊“有人落水”

Shout out "MAN OVERBOARD"

2. 指出落水者在船的哪一舷

Indicate which side of the ship

3. 從支架上取下救生圈

Remove a lifebuoy from its bracket

4. 將其拿到船舷邊

Lift it clear of the ship's side

5. 將其拋入船舷邊的海中

Throw it into the sea clear of the ship's side

6. 盡量確保落水人員在視線範圍內

Try to keep the person in the water in view

7. 派人通知駕駛台或當值船副

Get someone to inform the Bridge or Duty Officer

不應將救生圈直接丟向落水人員，因為落水人員可能會被救生圈擊中而受傷。

A lifebuoy should not be thrown directly at a person in the water because the person could be injured if struck by the lifebuoy.

如果有人落水，而救生圈又無法立即使用，請將任何可以漂浮在水中的物品扔向落水人員，以幫助落水人員並標記落水地點。

If a person is in the water and a lifebuoy is not immediately available, throw anything that will float into the water to both assist the person and mark the spot.

當發生人員落水緊急情況時，重要的是盡可能針對特定情況使用正確類型的救生圈。

In the event of a man overboard emergency, it is important that the correct type of lifebuoy, whenever possible, is used for a particular situation.

Figure 6-2 典型救生圈

Typical Lifebuoy

帶救生索的救生圈

Lifebuoy with Lifeline

帶救生索的救生圈主要用於船舶靜止或接近靜止時。當拋擲救生圈時，救生索的另一端必須固定在欄桿上或由船員握住。

Lifebuoys with lifelines are principally intended for use when the ship is stationary, or near stationary. When the lifebuoy is thrown, the free end of the lifeline must be secured to the rail, or retained by a crew member.

如果船舶正在航行，但發現落水人員落水，且附近只有帶救生索的救生圈，則應使用該救生圈。然而，在這種情況下，不應以任何方式固定或握住救生索的另一端。這可以避免落水人員因船舶前進運動而被捲入螺旋槳沖流中。

If the vessel is underway, but the person in the water is seen to be in distress and only a lifebuoy with lifeline is close at hand, then use that lifebuoy. However in this situation, the free end of the lifeline should not be secured or restrained in any way. This will avoid the possibility of the person in the water being dragged into the propeller wash by the forward motion of the ship.

Figure 6.3 帶救生索救生圈
Lifebuoy with Lifeline

帶自燃燈救生圈

Lifebuoy with Self-igniting Light

此類救生圈主要用於夜間和/或船舶航行中使用。當船舶返回落水者位置時，自燃燈可協助發現並救出落水人員。

This type of lifebuoy is principally intended for use at night and/or when the ship is underway. The light is used to assist the detection and retrieval of the person in the water when the ship returns to the casualty's position.

Figure 6.4 帶自燃燈救生圈

Lifebuoy with Self-igniting Light

帶自燃燈和煙霧信號的救生圈

Lifebuoy with Light and Smoke Signal

自燃燈和自發性煙霧信號的救生圈主要用於人員落水和船舶航行時。此類救生圈通常安裝在由駕駛台操作的快速釋放裝置或滑槽中。Lifebuoys with self-igniting lights and self-activating smoke signals are principally intended for use in man overboard situations and when the ship is under way. This type of lifebuoy is normally mounted in a quick release mechanism or chute operated from the Bridge.

本手冊其他部分詳細介紹了此類救生圈使用的典型燈光和煙霧信號煙火裝置。

Details of typical light and smoke signal pyrotechnics used with this type of lifebuoy are provided elsewhere in this Manual. 

 

Figure 6.5 釋放自燃燈和煙霧信號救生圈的方法

Methods for release lifebuoy with light and smoke signal

 

非緊急情況的救生圈用途

Non-emergency Lifebuoy Uses

船上應在舷梯出入口處配備帶自燃燈的救生圈，以及一條連接到手環或類似裝置的獨立浮力安全繩。

A lifebuoy with self-igniting light, and also a separate buoyant safety line attached to a quoit or similar device should be provided at the place of access on board the ship.

在舷外進行任何作業時，必須隨時配備救生圈。它可以挽救生命。

A lifebuoy must always be at hand when engaged in any work over the side. It could save a life.

當人員經由領港梯登船或下船時，必須在附近配備帶自燃燈的救生圈。此外，還應配備安全吊帶和安全繩，以協助以這種方式登船或下船的人員。這在船舶航行中和惡劣天氣條件下尤其重要。

When embarking or disembarking persons via a pilot ladder, there must be a lifebuoy with self-activating light close to hand. There will also be a safety harness and line to assist persons embarking or disembarking in this manner. This is particularly important when the ship is underway and during adverse weather conditions.

 

6.3 保養和修理

Maintenance and Repair

救生圈必須定期檢查是否有磨損或老化跡象。

Lifebuoys must be regularly inspected for signs of wear or deterioration.

必須根據製造商的說明定期檢查和測試自燃燈的電源。未通過測試或超過有效期限的電源必須立即丟棄並更換。

Power sources for self-igniting lights must be regularly inspected and tested in accordance with manufacturers' instructions. Power sources which fail testing, or which have passed their expiry date, must be discarded and replaced immediately.

安全官負責檢查和測試救生圈、自燃燈和煙霧信號。

The Safety Officer is responsible for the inspection and testing of lifebuoys, lights and smoke signals.

在任何情況下，都不得自行修理救生圈或其配件。若發現救生圈有缺陷，應盡快更換。

Under no circumstances should repairs be made to lifebuoys or their fittings. If the lifebuoy is found to be defective it should be replaced at the earliest opportunity.