船上消防訓練手冊 - 第九章 船上緊急應變組織

船上消防訓練手冊
Shipboard Fire Training Manual

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang 

第九章 船上緊急應變組織
Chapter 9 Shipboard Emergency Organisation

 

9. 一般資訊

General Information

本章概括的討論船上緊急應變組織的建構考慮因素，以及為應對緊急情況而提供的輔助設施。

This chapter discusses in general terms, the considerations that go into the formation of an emergency response structure aboard ship and the ancillary aids provided to assist in an emergency.

9.1 引言

Introduction

除最輕微的船上火災外，任何火災事故都需要團隊應變才能確保成功撲滅。

In any fire incident other than the most minor of shipboard fires, a team response is needed to ensure successful extinguishment.

為了實現有效的團隊應變，需要採取系統化的方法：

To achieve an effective team response requires a systematic approach to:

1. 確保所有船員了解船上緊急應變團隊的架構。
Ensuring all members of the crew are given an understanding of the emergency team structure aboard the vessel.

2. 讓所有新進船員或調任新職務的船員充分熟悉船舶結構和裝備。
Providing adequate familiarisation of the ships structure and outfitting to all new-joining crew or crew transferred to new duties.

3. 提供富有創意、持續有效的訓練和演習。

Offering imaginative, continuous and effective training and drills.

本章討論了有效火災應變的主要條件。然而，應該記住，生命安全是船上首要的應變重點，因此，救生艇和其他救生設備必須與火災應變同時做好下水準備。

This chapter discusses the main requisites for effective fire response. However it should be remembered that safety of life is the first and major response priority aboard ship and therefore it is imperative that lifeboats and other lifesaving appliances are prepared for launching concurrently with the response to fire.

9.2 應變部署表

Muster list

根據國際規則，所有從事國際航行的船舶都必須公開張貼應變部署表。

The Muster List is required by international regulations to be publicly displayed in all ships engaged in international voyages.

應變部署表尤其應：

In particular, the muster list should:

1. 與其他緊急指示一起，張貼在船舶各處顯眼處，包括駕駛台、機艙和船員起居艙室。
In conjunction with other emergency instructions be exhibited in conspicuous places throughout the ship including the navigating bridge, the engine room and crew accommodation.

2. 提供船上發生緊急狀況時應遵循的明確指示，並具體告知：

Provide clear instructions to be followed in the event of an emergency on board and specifically advise:

1) 船上使用的通用緊急警報和公共廣播系統的詳情，以及警報響起時船員和乘客應採取的行動。

The details of the general emergency alarm and public address system employed on board and also action to be taken by crew and passengers when this alarm is sounded.

2) 下達棄船命令的方式。

The manner by which the order to abandon ship will be given.

3) 船員在以下方面的指定職責：

The assigned duties of the crew in respect of:

a. 關閉水密門、防火門、閥門、排水孔、舷窗、天窗、舷窗和其他類似開口。

Closing watertight doors, fire doors, valves, scuppers, sidescuttles, skylights, portholes and other similar openings.

b. 裝備救生艇筏和其他救生設備。

Equipping the survival craft and other life-saving appliances.

c. 準備和放下救生艇筏。

Preparation and launching of the survival craft.

d. 其他救生設備的一般準備。

General preparations of other life-saving appliances.

e. 通訊設備的使用。

Use of communication equipment.

f. 用來處理火災的消防隊人員裝備；以及

Manning of fire parties assigned to deal with fires; and

g. 指定使用消防員裝備和設備方面的特殊職責。

Special duties assigned in respect to the use of fire-fighting equipment and installations.

4) 明確指定由誰(大副)負責確保救生和消防設備保持良好狀態並可立即使用。〔註〕
Specify which officers are assigned to ensure that life-saving and fire appliances are maintained in good condition and are ready for immediate use.

〔註〕 船上救生和消防設備應由大副負責，三副僅是秉成大副命令，協助檢查救生和消防設備數量及狀況，如發現任何缺失或短少，應立即報告大副整改。
The life-saving and fire-fighting equipment on board should be the responsibility of the C/O. The 3/O is only responsible for following the orders of the C/O to assist in checking the quantity and condition of the life-saving and fire-fighting equipment. If any missing or insufficient equipment is found, it should be reported to the C/O immediately for rectification.

5) 明確指定萬一喪失能力的關鍵人員替代人選。

Specify substitutes for key persons who may become disabled.

應變部署表應在船舶出海前編制完成。應變部署表在編製完成後，如果船員發生任何變動，必需修改應變部署表，船長應負責修改該表或發佈新的應變部署表。

The muster list is to be prepared and complete before the ship proceeds to sea. After the muster list has been prepared, if any change takes place in the crew which necessitates an alteration in the muster list, the Master is to revise the list or issue a new list.

9.3 訊號

Signals

採用一套可識別的信號系統，在發生火災或其他緊急情況時向船員發出警報。各種訊號的詳細資訊應載於船上的應變部署表中，並根據國際法規定期進行測試。

To alert the crew in the event of fire or other emergency a system of recognisable signals is employed. The details of the various signals are described in the ship's Muster List and regularly tested according to international regulation.

雖然警報訊號可能因船旗國而異，但公共廣播系統中的常見訊號和緊急廣播如下：

Although alarm signals may differ according to the ship's flag State, the common signals and emergency broadcasts over the public address system are as follows:

1. 人員落水 - 通常用於召集救援艇隊的廣播。
Man Overboard - usually a broadcast to summon the Rescue Boat Team.

2. 火災 - 通常以持續鳴響警鐘表示。

Fire - usually denoted by continuous ringing of the alarm bells.

3. 通用警報(船員前往集合地點) - 通常用船笛和警鐘鳴響七短一長，或持續鳴響警鐘表示。

General Alarm (crew to Muster Stations) - commonly denoted by seven short blasts and one long blast on the ship's whistle and on alarm bells or by continuous ringing of the alarm bells.

(無論通用警報以何種方式響起，它都不是放下救生艇和其他救生設備並開始棄船的信號。)

(Regardless of the manner in which the general alarm is sounded, it is NOT a signal to lower lifeboats and other life-saving appliances and commence abandonment.)

4. 棄船 - 通常由船長發佈，萬一船長喪失能力時，由大副以口頭命令發出。

Abandon Ship - normally given by verbal command by the Master or next-in-command if the Master is disabled.

9.4 緊急應變小組

Emergency teams

應急應變小組是由船長根據船員的知識和能力，預先選定的應變組員，以處理船上可能發生的緊急情況。

An emergency team is a predetermined group of crew selected by the Master for their knowledge and competence in dealing with possible emergencies aboard ship.

通常，大副擔任甲板組組長，大管擔任輪機組組長，二副擔任醫療組組長。船長是緊急應變的總指揮，輪機長負責所有機艙事務。

In general, the Chief Officer will be the Deck team leader, the 2nd Engineer will be the Engine team leader and the 2nd Officer will be the Medical team leader. The Master is the commander for overall of the emergency response and the Chief Engineer is in charge for all engine space matters.

應變組組長和成員均需接受過緊急應變處理訓練，並持有必要的證書。

The team leaders and members of the emergency teams will have received training in emergency procedures and will possess the necessary certification.

應變部署表將明確列明各組長和應變小組各成員的職責。

The muster list will clearly state the individual responsibilities of the various team leaders and emergency team members.

此外，應變部署表也將提供緊急應變小組的集合地點資訊。這些地點可能在駕駛台、甲板辦公室或機艙控制室，具體取決於每個小組的指定位置。

In addition the muster list will provide information as to the mustering location(s) for the emergency teams. The locations may be on the navigating bridge or at the deck office or at engine control room which depend on each team’s designation position.

無論指定哪個地點，應變小組的所有成員都應能夠迅速到達 - 至少在兩三分鐘內。當有多個應變小組時，每個小組都應有自己的集合地點。

Whichever location is designated, it should be all members of the emergency team can reach promptly - certainly within two or three minutes. Where multiple teams are formed each should have their own mustering location.

緊急應變職責分配

Allocation of emergency response duties

在海上，消防設備和人力是有限的資源。船舶管理部門應根據船長和船旗國的要求，結合船舶類型、船員人數以及高級船員和船員的能力，制定緊急應變的組織架構和相互關係。

At sea, fire-fighting equipment and manpower is a finite resource. Ship management in concert with the Master and flag State requirements should determine the composition and relationships of the emergency organisational structure, taking into account the type of vessel, the crew size and the abilities of officers and crew.

為了確保組織有效，組織架構需要靈活，以應對不斷變化的情況。例如，應根據火災發生地點，安排相應的小組進行應變。例如，對於機艙火災，由大管領導的機艙組將成為主要滅火組，而掩護組則由大副領導。反之，住艙火災則由大副領導的甲板組作為主要滅火組，而掩護組則由大管負責領導。

To be effective, the organisation needs to be flexible in order to respond to changing circumstances. As an example, the appropriate team should respond to an outbreak of fire according to its location. This means that for engine room fire the appropriate team led by the 2nd Engineer becomes the primary team and the back-up team might be led by the Chief Officer. Conversely, the Chief Officer may lead an accommodation fire team with 2nd Engineer leading the back-up team.

無論消防組的組織架構如何，船長始終負責全面指揮緊急應變工作，輪機長僅擔任其代理人職務。大副或大管將領導現場滅火工作。

Regardless of the fire team organisation, the Master will always have overall command of the emergency response with the Chief Engineer deputising. The Chief Officer or 2nd Engineer will lead the fire attack.

船長(或輪機長代理)

Master (or Chief Engineer as deputy)

1. 將裝備檢查責任指定給資淺船副(三副)，以確保所有消防、救生和緊急設備處於良好工作狀態，隨時備便投入使用。
By delegating responsibility to junior officers(3/O), ensure that all fire fighting, lifesaving and emergency appliances are in good working order and held ready for immediate service.

2. 定期檢討船舶應變計劃，並結合安全委員會會議記錄和現行公司的政策進行審查。
Review the ship contingency plan regularly and in conjunction with safety committee minutes and current company policy.

3. 任命一安全官(大副)負責船員訓練和演習。檢視所有訓練和演習成果，以改善火災應變措施。
Appoint a Safety Officer (C/O) responsible for crew training and drills. Review all training and drill outcomes for fire response improvement.

4. 確保有效的溝通。
Ensure effective communications are available.

5. 對所有固定消防系統的控制、運作和使用。
Control the operation and use of all fixed fire fighting systems.

6. 協調船上各消防小組行動，並為可能的棄船決定做好準備。
Coordinate shipboard fire teams and plan for possible abandonment.

7. 視情況與最近的救援協調中心(R.C.C.)、外部機構、岸上消防隊等協調緊急應變。
As appropriate, coordinate emergency response with nearest R.C.C., external agencies, shore side fire brigades, etc.

大副或大管

Chief Officer or 2nd Engineer

1. 當接獲警報後，應立即前往指定集合地點，並依火災地點全面指揮消防組。
Upon alarm, report to designated muster location and assume overall command of fire team according to fire location.

2. 執行選定的滅火策略。
Implement chosen fire attack strategy.

3. 持續監控消防組的狀況，確保所有戰術滅火組與指揮組之間保持有效溝通。
Continually monitor the response of the fire teams and ensure effective communications are available between all tactical units and the command team.

4. 監控所有緊急應變組員的安全和表現。
Monitor the safety and performance of all members of the emergency response.

二副

2nd Officer

1. 負責組織醫療組團隊，並準備好醫護設施，以應對可能的傷亡。
Organise medical team and prepare hospital facilities in readiness for possible casualties.

2. 確保救生艇物資齊全，並配備毛毯、額外食物、淡水等。
Ensure lifeboat stores are complete and supplemented by blankets, additional food, water, etc.

3. 根據需要，為掩護組提供額外人手。例如，協助消防組員穿戴消防員裝備，檢查火災現場六個界面，並疏散鄰近區域的危險物品。
As appropriate, provide additional manpower for back-up teams. For example, to assist fire-fighting members wearing fireman outfit, to check six boundary of fire scene and evacuate dangerous materials from the adjacent areas.

甲板船副和管輪

Deck Officers and Engineers

1. 執行應變部署表規定的職責，並監督其管轄範圍內的組員行動。
Carry out duties prescribed by the Muster List and supervise the actions of crew under their control.

2. 與消防組組長保持溝通，並通報當前狀況。
Maintain communications with the main fire team leader and advise ongoing status.

9.5 通訊

Communications

過去混亂且不明智的消防策略給海運業上了寶貴的一課 - 有效的火災應變需要有效的溝通。

Confused and ill-informed fire fighting tactics in the past have taught the marine industry a valuable lesson - to achieve effective fire response requires effective communications.

火災初步發現

Initial discovery of fire

通常情況下，船舶火災偵測系統會自動發出初步火災警報，並要求在指揮或控制位置的人員做出回應。或者，值班船副或當值駕駛員可能會收到路過船員的口頭火災報告(或觸發手動警報按鈕)。

Normally the initial report of fire will be achieved automatically by the ship's fire detection system that demands a human response from the command or control position. Alternatively the duty officer or the Officer-on-Watch might receive a verbal report of fire (or the triggering of a manual call point) from a passing member of crew.

在任何情況下，鑑別正確的狀況都至關重要，以避免延誤並最大程度地減少火勢蔓延。

In all cases, correct identification is paramount to avoid delay and to minimise the spread of fire.

口頭訊息應包括：

Verbal information should include:

1. 報告船員的身分。
Identity of crew member making the report.

2. 火災位置，例如甲板號碼或名稱、左舷或右舷、船艏或船艉、艙室號碼、艙間名稱等。
Location of the fire e.g. deck number or name, port or starboard side, fore or aft, cabin number, name of compartment, etc.

3. 火災類型(如已知)。
Type of fire if known.

4. 火災的預計範圍。
Believed extent of fire.

5. 預計被火圍困人員的人數和身分。
Number and identity of persons believed trapped by the fire.

6. 為撲滅或控制火災而採取或即將採取的措施。
Actions already taken or to be taken in order to extinguish or confine the fire.

火災偵測設備

Fire detection equipment

事實證明，及早發現煙霧、熱量或火焰對成功滅火至關重要。因此，所有警報都必須確認並採取行動。

It is a proven fact that early detection of smoke, heat or flames contributes greatly to successful fire extinguishment. Therefore ALL alarms must be acknowledged and acted upon.

切勿忽視警報。並不存在所謂的「誤報」，而只是「不採取行動」的回應。

NEVER ignore an alarm. There is no such thing as a "false alarm" merely a response of "no action to be taken'.

自動火災偵測設備將提供：

Automatic fire detection equipment will provide:

警報位置(甲板、處所和/或區域) - 指示器提示可能的火災位置。應檢查該位置所有界面的處所、艙室和隔間，以查找可能的熱量和煙霧飄逸。

Location of the alarm (deck, space and/or zone) - indicators advise probable location of fire. Spaces, cabins and compartments on all boundaries of the location should be searched for possible migration of heat and smoke.

警報類型 - 煙霧偵測器可能表示火災處於早期階段，而熱偵測器則表示火災正在迅速蔓延。

Type of alarm - detection of smoke may indicate a fire in early stages whereas a heat detector indicates a rapidly developing fire.

多重警報 - 來自多個區域的警報可能表示火災規模較大，或防火門打開且通風系統運作導致煙霧和熱量蔓延。

Multiple alarms - alarms from more than one zone may indicate a large fire or that open fire doors and operating ventilation systems are allowing smoke and heat to spread.

勘察

Reconnaissance

消防組組長對火災範圍的初步評估，對於決定採取積極應對措施的等級或是否需要採取防禦行動至關重要。有用的視察指標包括：

Initial assessment of the fire extent by the fire team leader can prove invaluable in deciding the level of aggressive response or if defensive action is necessary. Useful visual indicators are:

煙霧 - 可能指示火災的位置。煙霧的顏色和強度可以辨識燃料，從通風口冒出的任何煙霧都有助於鑑別受火災影響的空間。

Smoke - will possibly indicate the location of the fire. The colour and intensity of the smoke can indicate the fuel and any smoke issuing from vents can help to identify those spaces affected by fire.

火焰 - 在小規模火災中，火焰將指示燃料的來源和位置。如果火勢較大，火焰可能表示火勢蔓延。

Flame - in a small fire will indicate the origin and location of the fuel. If the fire is large, flames may indicate the fire extension.

熱度 - 油漆起泡或燒焦、甲板或艙壁變形表示有嚴重的熱應力。用水噴霧測試並記錄蒸氣產生率。如果A級或B級隔間溫度很高，則另一側也可能發生嚴重火災。

Heat - blistered or charred paint, distorted decks or bulkheads indicate severe thermal stress. Test with water spray and note rate of steam generation. If an A or B class division is significantly hot, a serious fire is likely on the other side.

如果初步目視評估未找到答案，消防組組長(或現場指揮)可以選擇派遣一支配備全套消防員裝備(包括SCBA)的兩人小組近距離評估情況。

In the event that initial visual assessment leaves unanswered questions, the fire team leader (or Master acting within the Command Team) may choose to deploy a two person team equipped with full fireman outfit, including SCBA, to assess the situation from close range.

雖然該小組可能主要負責執行搜救行動，俾便遇到傷者後能立即進行救援，但他們的次要職責是評估火災的位置和範圍、通風狀況、防火門、通風口和艙口位置、可能的燃料清除情況以及是否有其他人員處於危險之中。

Whilst this team may fulfill the actions of a Search and Rescue and thus make an immediate rescue upon encountering a casualty, their secondary duty is to gauge the location and extent of the fire, the status of ventilation, fire door, vents and hatch positions, removal of possible fuel and whether other persons are at risk.

9.6 防火控製圖

Fire control plans

防火控製圖是一張重要的圖示，有時會描繪在多張卡片或小冊子上，用來說明船舶的消防佈置。圖形符號用於指示以下位置：

The fire control plan is an important graphical display, sometimes depicted on a number of placards or booklets, to illustrate the ship's fire fighting arrangements. Graphical symbols are used to advise the locations of:

1. 船舶消防總管、消防水泵浦、消防栓及水帶
The ship's fire main, pumps, hydrants and hoses

2. 固定式滅火系統及其控制裝置
Fixed fire extinguishing systems and their controls

3. 手提式和半攜式消防設備
Portable and semi-portable fire appliances

4. 船舶具體構造細節，尤其是水密艙壁、耐火隔艙、防火門和主垂直區域
Specific ship construction details esp. watertight bulkheads, fire resistant divisions, fire doors and main vertical zones

5. 火災警報及偵測系統及其控制裝置
Fire alarm and detection systems and their controls

6. 通風系統、風扇、風門及關閉裝置
Ventilation systems, fans, dampers and closing appliances

7. 逃生路線、艙口和通道
Escape routes, hatches and trunks

8. 消防員裝備、自給式呼吸器(SCBA)和緊急呼吸器(EEBD)
Fire-fighter's outfits, SCBA and EEBDs

9. 緊急關閉裝置和截止閥
Emergency shutdowns and shut-off valves

法規要求防火控製圖必須使用船旗國語言(即船員能夠理解的語言)編製，並提供英語或法語翻譯。

Regulations demand that the fire control plan is prepared in the language of the flag State (the language understood by the crew) and that translation is available in English or French.

法規也要求使用國際公認的(IMO圖示)圖形符號來標示各種消防設備和其他相關安全設備的位置。

Regulations also require the use of internationally accepted graphical symbols (IMO Signs) to denote the positions of the various fire-fighting appliances and other related safety equipment.

國際法規規定，應在船舶各個關鍵區域張貼最新的防火控製圖。雖然該圖的主要功能是讓船員熟悉船舶的消防設備清單，並為滅火應變提供參考，但重要的是，該圖也應方便岸上消防員隨時取用。

The display in various strategic areas of the ship, of an up-to-date fire control plan is prescribed by international regulation. Although its primary function is to familiarise crew with the ship's fire fighting inventory and provide a source of reference in fire extinguish response, it is important that the plan is also readily available to shore-based fire fighters.

消防計畫(或消防計畫手冊)的副本應放置在甲板室外靠近舷梯、標記醒目的防風雨容器中，以便岸上消防員隨時取用。

A duplicate of the fire plan (or fire plan booklet) should be located outside the deckhouse in a prominently marked, weatherproof container adjacent to the gangway for ready retrieval by shore-based fire fighters.

9.7 船舶標誌

Ship's signs

根據現行海事法規，所有船舶均須在救生艇及其放艇控制裝置上或附近，張貼統一標準的標誌，以說明：

Under current marine regulations, all ships are required to display a uniform standard of signs to illustrate, on or in the vicinity of the survival craft and their launching controls:

1. 控制裝置的用途；
The purpose of the controls, and 

2. 在緊急照明條件下清晰可見。
To be easily seen under emergency lighting conditions

用於此目的的標誌類型如下所示：

The type of sign used for this purpose is shown below:

此外，還採用了一系列國際認可的符號來指示各種救生設備的位置，如下所示：

In addition, a range of internationally agreed symbols are employed to indicate the location of various life-saving appliances as shown below:

通往集合點和登船區的逃生路線的巷道、樓梯和出口應有適當的標記。

Alleyways, stairways and exits that make up the escape routes leading to the muster and embarkation areas are to be appropriately marked.

典型的逃生標誌如下圖所示。

Typical escape signs are shown here.

 

這裡展示了消防設備標誌的典型範例。

Typical examples of fire-fighting equipment signs are shown here.

9.8 附錄(本船緊急應變組織)

Appendix (Own ship’s emergency organisation)

Appendix-1 船上消防組織及指南

The shipboard fire-fighting organisation and guidance

船上滅火編組與操演指導
The shipboard fire-fighting organisation and drill guidance

A. 船上滅火編組說明
Explanation of the shipboard fire-fighting team organisations

船上滅火人員編組需考慮的項目有：
To organise the shipboard fire-fighting teams, the following items should be concerned:

1. 全船可運用編組的人數。
Total amount of shipboard crew members can be organized.

2. 船上滅火站的數量及裝備；
The amount and equipment of the fire stations on board;

3. 各小組的滅火任務分派；
Fire-fighting task for each team;

4. 組員對火災環境的熟悉度；
The team members familiarization in the fire scene;

5. 小組組員的掌控、聯繫及機動性；
Team members control, communication and mobility;

6. 小組組員的任務調派；
The duty arrangement for each team member;

根據上述考量，大部分船上的滅火編組可分下列各組：
Based on the above considerations, the fire-fighting teams on most ships can be divided into the following groups:

組別 Team name	組長 Team leader	組員 Team members
駕駛台組 Bridge team	船長 The Master	三副、AB(1) 3/O, AB(1)
機艙控制組 Engine control team	輪機長 C/E	二管 3/E
甲板組 Deck team	大副 C/O	水手長，AB(2)、AB(3) Bosun, AB(2), AB(3)
機艙組 Engine team	大管 2/E	三管、銅匠、機匠 4/E, Fitter, Motorman
醫療組 Medical team	二副 2/O	AB(4)、大廚、副機匠 AB(4), C/COOK, WIPER

B. 各組任務分派
Tasks assignment to each team

1. 駕駛台組
Bridge team

組長為救火總指揮，他應參考General arrangement及fire control plan指示現場人員如何接近火場或安全的撤退路線，並且告知現場指揮鄰近六個面區域及/或危險貨等資訊。
The team leader is the general commander of fire-fighting operation. He should refer to the General arrangement and fire control plan to guide the on-scene teams approaching to the fire place or safe escape route, informing the on-scene commander of six adjacent boundaries and/or dangerous cargoes information.

組員應協助船長操控船舶，保持瞭望，記錄一切過程，廣播安全信文，對外連絡等。
The team members should assist the Master steering the ship, keeping lookout, recording all the events, broadcasting safety messages, communicating with external parties etc.

 

2. 機艙控制組
Engine control team

機艙控制組位於機艙控制室，負責控制所有機器設備，包括主機、輔機、泵、通風、電力供應等。
The team is at engine control room to control all machinery including main engine, auxiliary engines, pumps, ventilations and electric power supplies etc.

在滅火總指揮的指揮下，配合現場指揮的行動，啟動緊急滅火泵、切斷機艙通風、燃油及/或電力供應。
Under the command of general commander and coordinate with the on-scene commander to start up the emergency fire pump, shut down engine space ventilation, fuel and/or power supply.

機艙撤退時，轉進Fire control station，關閉機艙所有通風擋板及電源，然後啟動CO2滅火系統。
When evacuate from the engine space, transferring to the Fire control station to shut down all the engine space air dampers and power supplies, then release the CO2 extinguish system.

 

3. 攻擊組
Attacking team

攻擊組位於火場第一線，組長為現場指揮，他負責鑑定火災種類，火場範圍並建議適當的滅火策略，領導現場各組人員協調救火、搜索與救援任務。
The team is set in the front of fire scene. The team leader is the on-scene commander. He is in charge for identifying the classification of fire, involving areas and suggesting the fire-fighting tactics, commanding each team members on fire scene, coordinating fire-fighting, search and rescue tasks.

組員在組長的指揮下應盡全力撲滅火勢或負責搜救任務，尋找失蹤的船員。
The team members should under the command of team leader to extinguish the fire in their best of ability, and/or serve as searching task to find out the missed crew.

 

4. 掩護組
Covering team

位於攻擊組後方，負責掩護攻擊組員的安全，用水霧冷卻攻擊組員或週邊危險區域，遵照現場指揮的指示，移除火場附近的易燃物或易爆炸物品。
To be located behind the attacking team, responsible for covering the attacking team members’ safety, using water fog cooling down the team members or hazardous areas in vicinity. Under the command of on-scene commander remove all the combustibles or explosibles where nearby the fire scene.

在撤退時，負責殿後掩護所有人員撤離火場，並且封閉所有隔艙。
During the evacuation, follow in the rear to cover up all crew retreating from the fire scene and close down all compartments.

 

5. 醫療組
Medical team

醫療組人員位於火場附近安全區域，備便滅火組員替換，四周環境安全警戒，六個鄰接面的安全檢查等。
The team is staying at the safety area nearby the fire scene, stand-by for extinguishing team members replacing, alerting to the fire scene vicinity, assisting in six boundaries safety checking.

當有人員受傷的時候，醫療組負責檢查傷者情況及生命徵兆，給予必要的急救處理，並且將傷者撤離火場。
During the crew injury situation, the medical team is in charge for checking injured crew’s condition and signs of life then give the necessary first aid treatments and evacuate the injured crew from the fire scene.

 

C. 滅火組任務交換
Fire-fighting team task swap

船上的滅火組編制可分為甲板組及機艙組，在火災發生時，考量組員對於火災現場環境的熟悉度，哪一組作為攻擊組，哪一組作為掩護組要根據火災發生地點而定。
The organisation of shipboard fire-fighting teams can be separated by the Deck team and the Engine team. Considering the team members familiarisation with the fire scene environment, which team should act as attacking team, and which team should act as covering team will depend on the fire place.

 

1. 機艙區域
Engine area

如果火災發生在機艙區域，機艙滅火組將是攻擊組，甲板滅火組則擔任掩護組，機艙組的組長擔任現場指揮。
If the fire was caught at engine space, the attacking team will be the Engine team, and the Deck team will be the covering team. The Engine team leader will be the on-scene commander.

 

2. 住艙、甲板及貨艙區域
Accommodation, deck and cargo holds areas

除了機艙區域外，船上任何區域發生火災，例如住艙、貨櫃、甲板及貨艙區域等，都由甲板組擔任攻擊組，機艙組作為掩護組，甲板組組長擔任現場指揮。
Except the engine area, if the fire was caught at all the other areas on board such as accommodation, deck and cargo holds areas etc. the attacking team will be the Deck team, and the Engine team will be the covering team. The Deck team leader will be the on-scene commander.

 

3. 醫療組的任務不論在船上任何區域發生火災均維持不變。
The task of Medical team will not be changed no matter what areas on board catch fire.

 

D. 滅火行動指導
Guidance of fire-fighting action

1. 火災警報
Fire alerting

當發現任何形式之火災，除非能夠立即撲滅，否則最首要行動就是啟動火災警鈴。
For any kind of fire was found. Only if the fire can be extinguished immediately, otherwise the first priority action is sounding the fire alarm.

當值船副聽到火災警報後，應立即確認火災警報的真實性。
When the duty officer alerted by the fire alarm, he should first to confirm the alerting whether is true or false.

如果火災警報查明屬實，當值船副應使用general alarm發出火災警報信號(不少於10秒的長聲)，並且對所有船員廣播全體就滅火部署。廣播內容可包括火災發生位置、火災屬性、範圍及其他必要資訊等。
If the fire accident was confirmed, the duty officer should ring out the fire alarm signal (long siren not less than 10 second) via general alarm and broadcast to all crew to deploy the fire-fighting mustering. The content of broadcasting may include the fire place, classification of fire, scale and other necessary information.

 

2. 人員召集與動員
Mustering and mobilizing

全體船員在聽到滅火警報及火災情況廣播後，應立即攜帶各人指定滅火裝備，趕往所屬之集合地點向其組長報到。
All crew when hear the fire alarm and the broadcast of fire information should carry the assigned fire-fighting equipment and rush to the designated assembling point to report to his team leader.

各組組長負責清點該組組員人數及裝備並向船長報告。如有人員短少，須將失蹤人員的級職姓名報告船長。
Each team leader should check out his team members and equipment then report to the Master as well. If any crew missing has found, the missed crew rank and name should be reported to the Master.

 

3. 滅火行動
Fire-fighting actions

船長在駕駛台擔任滅火總指揮，他應先從煙火偵測器中確認火災區域，並參考General arrangement及Fire control plan了解火場位置及六個鄰接面的情況，然後研擬滅火組應如何接近火場並考慮安全的撤退路線。
The Master on the bridge as a general commander of fire-fighting, he should verify the fire area from the fire detector first, then refer the General arrangement and Fire control plan to understand fire area and six adjacent boundaries then plan out how the fire-fighting teams can approach to the fire scene, and concern about the safety evacuate route.

等各組全部報到完畢後，由船長下令由何組擔任攻擊組，何組擔任掩護組，並指示由何處接近火場，如有人員失蹤，應指示滅火組優先搜尋失蹤人員。
When all teams completed report in for duty, the Master should give order to appoint which team to be the attacking team, and which team to be the covering team. Then instruct the safety route to approach the fire scene. If have crew missing, to search for the missing crew should be given precedence over the fire-fighting.

各滅火組人員進入火場時應禁止使電梯，現場指揮在到達火災現場後，應選擇一處安全場所供組員換裝、準備滅火器材之用，也應先勘查好安全撤退路線。
Do not use the elevator to approach the fire scene. When arrived, the on-scene commander should choose a safe place for team members wearing fire protect suit and preparing extinguishing equipment, and check up the safe retreat route.

開始滅火之前，現場指揮須先鑑定火災的種類與範圍，如為特殊類火，例如電器火、油類火等，尚須準備適用於該類火災的滅火器材。
Before engaging in fire-fighting, the on-scene commander should firstly identify the classification of fire and fire scale. If the categorise of fire is sorted of some special fire such as electric fire, oil fire etc. the fire-fighting team should also prepare the appropriate extinguishing equipment.

然後對船長做出滅火策略的建議，待船長同意之後才展開滅火行動，通常如有人員失蹤，應先做火場搜尋行動，救人比救火優先。
Then plan out a fire-fighting tactic to request to the Master for approval. Generally, if have crew missing, the searching action should be the first priority in operation.

救火皮龍應取用火災現場以外區域之皮龍，因為火場附近皮龍可能無法接近或已被燒毀，此外還要考量可能需要額外皮龍供延長連接之用。要注意室內救火皮龍與外部救火皮龍口徑不同，不可混淆。
The fire hoses should bring from the areas except the fire scene due to the scene’s fire hose may unable to access or destroyed by fire, besides the extra fire hoses may necessary for extended connection. Beware of the caliber of fire hoses are different between the inner spaces and the outside areas. Do not make mistake.

各滅火組人員到達火場後，應立刻依照其任務區分完成滅火佈署，救火皮龍連接消防栓時，攻擊組應優先使用最接近火場的消防栓，掩護組則選用較遠的消防栓，如果在同一層甲板沒有多餘的消防栓，在住艙區應連接下層甲板消防栓，在機艙區則連接上層甲班消防栓，以便撤退時掩護之使用。
When the fire-fighting teams arrived at fire scene, each team should depend on their assigned duties to deploy the team members respectively. The fire hoses connecting should choose the nearest fire hydrant for attacking team using, the covering team fire hose should connect with the further fire hydrant. If the second fire hydrant not available on the same deck area, in accommodation should connect with the lower deck fire hydrant, and in engine space should connect with the higher deck fire hydrant, for convenience of evacuation covering.

在進入火場密閉空間之前，攻擊組員須先以手背測試閘門溫度，以確認是否可以安全進入，然後站在有掩護的一側(門閂側)，採取頂住門板的姿勢開門，以防門板因高壓突然爆開。掩護組在整個過程中應全程冷卻並掩護攻擊組員。
Before entering the fire scene closed space, the attacking team members should test temperature of the gate door by using back of a hand first, to ensure it is safe for entering, then open the door at the covered side (side of door bolts) by withstanding posture to be ready for the door burst out by high pressure. The covering team should always cool down and cover the attacking members during the whole operation.

在救火行動中所有組員彼此應密切合作，避免落單遭致危險，在火場要儘量採取低姿勢行進，臉部貼近皮龍，以避免高溫並能獲得較多之新鮮空氣。
During the fire-fighting action, each team member should always works together with others closely. Do not leave alone for fear of in danger. At the fire scene, the team members should proceeding by keeping low attitude and putting the face near by the fire hose to prevent heat and can get more fresh air.

機艙控制組在救火行動中應遵照船長指示並配合現場指揮，執行消防水源供應、控制各種通風、燃油及電力供應等任務，在必要時負責切斷通風、燃油及電力供應，並且隔絕火場區域釋放CO₂滅火系統。
The engine control team under the command of the Master and coordinate with the on-scene commander to conduct the tasks of firemain water supplying, controlling all ventilations, fuel and power supplies etc. During the necessary situation, to be responsible for cut off the ventilations, fuel and power supplies, and then isolate the fire scene area, releasing the CO₂ extinguishing system.

 

E. 醫療急救行動指導
Guidance of medical first aid

The medical team members should carry the stretcher, blanket and first aid appliances to the fire scene stand-by. During the condition of nobody get hurt, the team member can mobilize to support or replace the duties of fire-fighting teams.
醫療組負責攜帶擔架、毛毯及急救器材到火場備便，在無人員受傷的情況下，可機動支援或輪替救火組員。

如有人員受傷，醫療組應應立即檢查傷患情況及生命跡象，然後給予必要之急救(上氧氣罩、傷口包紮、骨折固定等)。
In case of crew injured, the medical team should check over the injured crew’s condition and signs of life then give the necessary first aid treatments (wearing the oxygen mask, wrapping the wound, fixing the fracture etc.).

完成初步急救之後，應將傷患固定於擔架儘速撤離火場，如搬運人手不足，可要求現場指揮抽調人力支援，如須經由緊急逃生孔道搬運傷患，應預先在孔道內各轉折處配置吊索環及滑車。
When accomplished the first aid treatment, the injured crew should be fixed on the stretcher and evacuated from the fire scene as soon as possible. If short-handed for carrying the injured crew, it may ask the on-scene commander to dispatch manpower for help. If the evacuation needs through by the emergency escape trunk, at each turning corner in the truck should equip with hanging eye plate and rope blocks.

基於安全考量，搬運傷患勿用真人吊掛於滑車上，操演時可利用等重量的假人代替。
For the safe concern, do not hanging the real man on the block for transportation, the drill can be done by an equivalent weighted dummy for substitute.