船上消防訓練手冊 - 第七章 固定式滅火系統

船上消防訓練手冊
Shipboard Fire Training Manual 

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang 

第七章 固定式滅火系統
Chapter 7 Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems

 

7. 一般資訊

General Information

本章討論了船上可用的各種固定式滅火系統。本章介紹了法規要求的背景，並解釋了這些系統在船舶滅火中的作用。

This chapter discusses the various fixed fire extinguishing systems available for the ship. It provides a background to regulatory requirements and explains the role the systems play in combating fire aboard ship.

7.1 簡介

Introduction 

船上大多數的固定式滅火系統都是作為船舶原始建造的一部分進行設計和安裝。雖然船長、高級船員和船員對系統的選擇影響不大，但他們必須充分了解這些系統的工作原理以及如何對其進行測試、檢查和維護。

Most fixed fire extinguishing systems are designed and installed as part of a ship's original construction. Although the ship's Master, officers and crew have little influence on the choice of system, they are required to fully understand how such systems work, and how to perform test, inspection and maintenance on them.

固定式滅火系統不能取代結構性防火措施，後者的主要目的是保護船員和戰略性設備使船員能有足夠的時間逃生到避難所。

Fixed fire fighting systems are not a substitute for structural fire protection that is primarily designed to protect crew and strategic equipment long enough for escape to a place of refuge.

固定式滅火系統是為了保護船舶而安裝的，因此，根據船舶類型和具體風險評估，而開發出多種類型的滅火系統。

Fixed fire fighting systems are installed to protect the ship and accordingly a number of types have been developed according to the type of vessel and the specific risk assessment.

 

7.2 消防總管系統

Fire main systems

在大多數商用船舶中，無論是否安裝了其他消防設備或系統，消防總管系統都是滅火應變的基礎設備。這是因為海水隨時可用(除某些限制外，海水是最佳滅火劑)，並且當使用國際岸上連頭時(例如船舶在乾塢時)，消防總管可以輕鬆從外部水源加壓。
In most commercial vessels, the fire main system provides the basic foundation of fire fighting response regardless of any other fire appliances or systems fitted. This is due to the ready availability of water at sea (which apart from some limitations is the best extinguishing agent available) and the ease by which the fire main can be pressurised from external sources when using an international shore connection, e.g. whilst the vessel is in dry-dock.

由於其戰略重要性，所有船員都必須了解船舶消防總管系統的基本操作和佈局，並且所有新上船的船員都必須接受充分的熟悉訓練。

Because of its strategic importance, it is imperative that all crew members understand the basic operation and layout of the ship's fire main system and that all new joining crew receive adequate familiarisation training.

消防總管系統必須能夠立即向船上所有區域供水。對火災現場供水僅受限於系統本身設計、對船舶穩定性的影響以及對系統泵浦的容量限制。

The fire main system must be capable of delivering an immediate supply of water to all areas of the ship. The supply of water to the fire scene is only restricted by the design of the system itself, the effect of water on the stability of the vessel and the capacity of the pumps serving the system.

對於貨船，必須按照船旗國的要求安裝符合國際消防總管規定的消防系統，並確保「對於週期性無人值守的機器場所或僅需一人值班的情況，應能立即從消防總管系統以適當的壓力供水，可透過從駕駛台和消防控制站（如有）遠端啟動其中一個主消防泵，或透過其中一個消防泵對消防總管系統進行永久加壓」。
For cargo ships, the international regulations governing fire main system must be installed to the satisfaction of the flag State and to ensure that "with a periodically unattended machinery space or when only one person is required on watch, there shall be immediate water delivery from the fire main system at a suitable pressure, either by remote starting of one of the main fire pumps with remote starting from the navigation bridge and fire control station, if any, or permanent pressurisation of the fire main system by one of the fire pumps".

消防總管系統由專用幫浦、固定管路、控制閥、消防栓、皮龍和噴嘴組成。水泵向系統和船舶各處的消防站供水。消防栓、皮龍和噴嘴用於控制供水流並將其引導至滅火目的。

The fire main system comprises dedicated pumps, fixed piping, control valves, hydrants, hoses and nozzles. The pumps provide the water to the system and to the fire stations located around the ship. The hydrants, hoses and nozzles are used to control this water and to direct it for fire extinguishing purposes.

 

消防泵浦

Fire pumps

除專用消防泵浦外，用於其他用途(例如衛生泵浦、壓載泵浦、艙底污水泵浦或一般服務泵浦)的泵浦也可作為消防總管的泵浦，前提是這些泵浦通常不用於泵油。

In addition to any dedicated fire pumps, pumps serving other duties such as sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service duties may also be acceptable for fire main service, providing they are not normally used for pumping oil.

關於消防泵浦配置的法規非常具體：

The regulations governing the provision of fire pumps are quite specific:

貨船 Cargo ships
1000總噸以上 1000 tons gross and above	至少2台獨立驅動的泵浦 At least 2 independently-driven pumps

消防泵浦的尺寸和配置多種多樣，但其單獨和組合性能必須滿足以下國際標準：

Fire pumps come in many sizes and configurations however their individual and combined performance must satisfy the following international criteria:

 

消防泵浦的總容量

Total capacity of the fire pumps

貨船上除緊急消防泵浦以外的消防泵浦總容量，其能夠輸送的總量必須不少於艙底污水泵浦規則所規定數量的四分之三」。

The total capacity of the fire pumps in cargo ships, other than the emergency fire pump, the total quantity capable of being delivered must be "not less than four-thirds of the quantity", specified by the bilge pumping regulations.

每台消防泵浦的容量

Capacity of each fire pump

「每台要求的消防泵浦(貨船要求的應急泵浦除外)容量應不少於要求總容量的80%除以要求的最少消防泵浦數量，但在任何情況下均不得少於25立方米/小時，且每台此類泵浦在任何情況下均應能夠輸送至少兩股水流。如果安裝的泵浦數量超過最低要求，則這些附加泵浦的容量應至少為25m3/hr，並應能夠輸送至少兩股水流」。

"Each of the required fire pumps (other than the emergency pump required for cargo ships) shall have a capacity not less than 80% of the total required capacity divided by the minimum number of required fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m³/hour and each such pump shall in any event be capable of delivering at least two jets of water. Where more pumps than the minimum required are installed, the capacity of such additional pumps shall have a capacity of at least 25m3/hr and shall be capable of delivering at least two jets of water".

 

消防栓壓力

Pressure at hydrants

當兩台泵浦同時以所需壓力運轉時(貨船的流量只需為140毫安/小時)，以及相鄰的消防栓噴出兩股水流時，所有消防栓必須保持以下最低壓力。

With 2 pumps operating together at the required pressure (cargo ships need only have a discharge of 140mA/hr), and with two jets of water emanating from adjacent hydrants, the following minimum pressures must be maintained at all hydrants.

貨船 Cargo ships
6000總噸以上 6000 tons gross and above	0.27牛頓/平方毫米(2.7 bar) 0.27 N/mm2

任何消防栓的最大壓力不得導致消防皮龍的控制困難。

The maximum pressure at any hydrant must not cause difficulties in controlling a fire hose.

緊急消防泵浦

Emergency fire pumps

根據規定，緊急消防泵是指固定式獨立驅動、電動操作的泵浦，其容量應佔消防主泵浦總容量的40%。在任何情況下，其容量不得低於：

By regulation, an emergency fire pump is considered to be a fixed independently driven and power operated pump capable of providing 40% of the total capacity of the pumps designated for fire main service. In all case the capacity must not be less than:

貨船 Cargo ships
2000總噸以上 2000 tons gross and above	25立方米/每小時 25 m3/hr

緊急泵浦產生的消防栓壓力不應低於規章規定的最低壓力。為達到此壓力，其海底門吸入及排出管及閥門必須位於機艙之外。例外情況是，如果海底門位於機艙內，則允許遠端操作。
The hydrant pressure achieved from the emergency pump should not be less than the minimum pressure required by the regulations. To achieve this pump, its sea chest, suction and discharge pipes and valves must be located outside of the machinery space. Exceptions allow for a remote operation in the event of the sea chest valve being located in the machinery space.

所有船員必須了解其啟動方法(附近應張貼操作說明牌)以及消防總管的加壓方式。

It is imperative that ail crew understand its method of starting (an instruction placard should be displayed nearby) and the means by which the fire main is pressurised.

 

消防總管、隔離閥和消防栓

Fire mains, isolating valves and hydrants

構成消防總管系統的管路、支架、閥門和配件必須採用耐熱材料製成，以確保供水安全。此外，應提供並使用充足的排水設施，以避免因管路凍結而造成損壞。

The pipework, supports, valves and fittings that make up the fire main system must be made from heat resisting materials in order that the water supply is safeguarded. Furthermore, adequate drainage facilities should be provided and used to avoid damage due to freezing.

所有位於露天甲板非消防用途(例如甲板清洗、錨鍊清洗、船艏引射器作業)的消防總管支管都必須安裝隔離閥。

Isolating valves must be installed for all open deck fire main branches used for purposes other than fire fighting such as deck washing, anchor washing, forward eductor duties.

在載運甲板貨物的船舶上，消防栓的位置應便於檢修，並應避免貨物作業造成的損壞。
In ships where deck cargo is carried the positions of the hydrants should facilitate easy access and be arranged to avoid damage by cargo operations.

消防總管和供水支管的直徑應足以滿足140立方公尺/小時的流量。

The diameter of the fire main and water service branches are needed be sufficient for a flow rate of 140 m³/hr.

隔離閥是消防總管系統的組成部分，用於確保機艙內的消防總管與消防總管系統的其餘部分隔離。隔離閥必須位於機艙之外。此外，消防總管隔離閥還需確保除機艙外，該系統還可透過其他泵浦或緊急消防泵浦對所有消防栓供水。

Isolating valves are an integral part of the fire main system ensuring that the fire main within the machinery space can be separated from the rest of the fire main system. The isolating valves must be located outside of the machinery space. Furthermore the fire main isolating valves ensure that the system, except that part in the machinery space, can be fed from another pump or the emergency fire pump to all hydrants.

每個消防栓(消防站)必須安裝一個閥門，以便在消防總管保持壓力的情況下斷開任何消防皮龍。

A valve must be fitted to each hydrant (fire station) so that any fire hose can be uncoupled while the fire main remains pressurised.

為防止消防總管、供水支管及消防栓水壓過大，應與消防泵浦配對設置洩壓閥。
Relief valves are provided in association with the fire pumps in order to protect the fire main, service branches and hydrants from over-pressure.

消防皮龍

Fire hoses (SOLAS-II-2 Reg. 10-2.3)

消防皮龍必須以船旗國核准的非易腐材料製成，並且有足夠長度，能夠將水柱噴射到可能需要使用的任何空間。
Fire hoses must be made of non-perishable material approved by the flag State and be of sufficient length to project a jet of water to any space in which they may be required to be used.

每條皮龍必須配備噴嘴和必要的接頭。皮龍必須放置在消防栓或有閥門的管路連接處附近，且位置醒目。消防皮龍的長度至少10米，但不得超過：

Each hose must be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings. Hoses must be kept conspicuous near the hydrant or valved connection. Fire hoses must have a length of at least 10 metres, but not more than:

1. 機艙：15公尺；

15 metres in machinery spaces;

2. 其他場所及開放甲板：20公尺；

20 metres in other spaces and open decks; and

3. 最大寬度超過30公尺的船舶，開放甲板：25公尺。

25 metres for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 metres.

海運界使用的消防皮龍傳統上採用單護套或雙護套式無塗層「帆布」結構，內襯橡膠。然而，這兩種結構都容易老化、腐爛，並且容易磨損，導致終結消防皮龍的使用壽命。

Fire hoses for the marine industry have traditionally been of either the single jacket or the double jacket pattern uncoated "canvas" type with an internal rubber lining. However both are susceptible to ageing and rot and easily suffer abrasion damage with the consequence that most are at the end of their service life.

噴嘴、噴灑器和接頭
Nozzles, applicators and couplings (SOLAS-II-2 Reg. 10-2.3)

手動噴嘴具有廣泛的靈活性和流量控制選項，非常適合使用水成膜泡沫(AFFF)和A類泡沫濃縮液，用來撲滅A類和B類火災。雖然新一代手動噴嘴的設計在一定程度上取代了冗餘低速噴霧器，但它們無法完全取代船舶上用的噴嘴。因此，這些噴嘴仍需要通過船上的選擇性認證。

The hand-line nozzle provides a wide range of flexibility and flow control options and are ideal for use on Class A and B fires utilising AFFF, and Class A foam concentrates. Although the design of this new generation of hand-line nozzles goes some way to make the use of low-velocity applicators redundant, they cannot fully replace the applicator in marine use. Accordingly these nozzles are the subject of selective approval aboard ship.

 

消防栓

Hydrants (SOLAS-II-2 Reg. 10-2.1.5)

法規要求每個消防栓都應安裝一個閥門，以便在消防總管保持壓力的情況下斷開任何消防皮龍。生產消防栓閥門的製造商有很多，但通常情況下，它們都是直通式或角式。

Regulations demand that a valve be fitted to each fire hydrant in order that any fire hose can be uncoupled while the fire main remains pressurised. There are many manufacturers of hydrant valves, but in general they will be of the straight-through pattern or of the angle type.

許多法規都規定了消防栓的數量和位置。一般而言，消防栓的安裝位置必須確保「消防栓的數量和位置應確保至少兩股水柱(來自不同消防栓)，能夠射向船舶航行期間乘客或船員通常可到達的任何部位，以及任何空載貨艙、任何滾裝艙或任何車輛場所(在此種情況下)，兩股水柱應分別來自不同皮龍，能射向該場所的任何部分。此外，此類消防栓應位於受保護處所的入口附近」。

There are a number of regulations that govern the number and position of hydrants. In general, hydrants must be sited in order that "at least two jets of water, not emanating from the same hydrant, one of which shall be from a single length of hose, may reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated and any part of any cargo space when empty, any ro-ro space or any vehicle space, in which case the two jets shall reach any part of the space, each from a single length of hose".

直通閥                            角閥

國際岸上接頭
International shore connection

為適應管路尺寸、法蘭和接頭標準的變化，並在船舶停泊或塢修時向其消防總管提供外部(陸上)供水，所有總噸位500噸及以上的船舶必須至少配備一個國際岸上接頭。

To accommodate the variation in standards for pipe sizes, flanges and couplings and to provide an external (shore side) supply of water to the ship's fire main whilst it is in port or in repair dock, all vessels of 500 tons gross and above must carry at least one international shore connection.

應在船舶消防總管的左舷和右舷配備供水設施，並在連接位置附近標示消防總管的最大工作壓力。

Facilities should be provided for its use on the port and starboard sides of the vessel's fire main and the maximum operating pressure of the fire main should be displayed adjacent to the connection positions.

國際岸上接頭應在顯眼位置做適當標示，一側應為平面(用於安裝在外部或陸上的軟管或分支管上)，並應配備螺紋接頭或其他合適的接頭裝置，用於連接船舶的消火栓和軟管或專用的截止回閥。

Suitably marked and located in a conspicuous position, the international shore connection should have a flat face on one side (for mounting on the external or shore side hose or pipe branch) and a screwed or other appropriate coupling arrangement for connection to the ship's hydrant and hose or purpose provided stop check valve.

國際岸上接頭應採用鋼材或其他適合承受1 N/mm²壓力的材料製成。其尺寸應符合下列要求：

The international shore connection is to be constructed from steel or other material suitable for 1 N/mm2 pressure. Its dimensions should comply with the following:

描述 Description	尺寸 Dimension
外徑 Outside diameter	178 mm
內徑 Inside diameter	64 mm
螺栓圈直徑 Bolt circle diameter	132 mm
法蘭槽Slots in flange	4個孔，直徑19mm，等距分佈在上述直徑的螺栓圈上，槽口延伸至法蘭邊緣 4 holes, 19 mm diameter spaces equidistantly on a bolt circle of the above diameter, slotted to the flange periphery
法蘭厚度 Flange thickness	至少14.5mm14.5 mm minimun
螺栓和螺帽(含墊圈) Bolts and nuts (c/w washers)	4個，直徑16mm，長度50mm 4 off 16 mm dia. x 50 mm length
接頭或墊圈 Joints or gaskets	每個法蘭的接頭或墊片尺寸 Per flange dimensions

扳手/扳鉗

Spanners/wrenches

扳手/扳鉗是專門用於上緊或鬆開消防皮龍接頭的寶貴工具。務必檢查每個扳手是否與船上使用的皮龍接頭相容。

An invaluable tool specifically designed to tighten or uncouple fire hose connections. It is important to check that every wrench is compatible with the hose couplings used onboard.

採購新皮龍時，請務必確保現有扳手與新皮龍接頭匹配，如果不匹配，請同時訂購替換扳手。
Always ensure that when new hose is ordered that the existing wrenches match the new hose couplings, if not order replacement wrenches at the same time.

扳手不得用於其他用途，也不得從消防站的指定位置移開。

The wrench should not be used for any other purpose other than intended and must not be removed from its designated position at a fire station.

7.3 二氧化碳系統

Carbon dioxide systems

固定式二氧化碳(CO₂)滅火系統可能是海運產業中最常使用的滅火系統。此系統有兩種類型：

The fixed carbon dioxide (CO₂) system is probably the most common type of fire suppression system applied to the marine industry. Two types are available:

1. 全淹沒式，保護整個空間，例如機艙、鍋爐間和其他通常屬於A類的機器場所。此類系統也保護貨物場所。

The total flooding type that protects an entire space such as the engine room， boiler room and other machinery spaces generally of Class A category. This type of system also protects the cargo spaces.

2. 局部應用式，保護船上特定艙間，例如油漆間、柴油發電機間和其他具有風險的機器場所。

The local application type that protects specific compartments on board ship such as paint lockers, diesel generator rooms and other machinery having a high hazard risk.

二氧化碳氣體通常儲存在一組鋼瓶中，並以加壓液體的形式透過固定管道和排放噴嘴釋放到受保護的空間中。

The gas is usually stored in a bank of steel cylinders and released through fixed piping and discharge nozzles into the protected space as a liquid under pressure.

二氧化碳是一種無色無味的惰性氣體，其密度比空氣高約50%。

CO₂ is a colourless, odourless and inert gas with an approximate density 50% greater than air.

當它撲滅火災時，會形成一層濃重的氣體覆蓋層，將大氣中的氧氣含量降低到無法維持燃燒(和生命)的程度。二氧化碳的滅火特性使其成為一種致命氣體，如果有船員在艙間或空間內，則必須在釋放氣體前進行疏散。

When applied to a fire, it provides a blanket of heavy gas that reduces the oxygen content of the atmosphere to a point in which combustion (and life) cannot be sustained. The fire extinguishing properties of CO₂ make it a lethal gas for the crew to remain within the compartment or space and evacuation is an absolute requirement prior to gas release.

二氧化碳是一種標準的商業產品，具有許多其他工業用途，並且在世界各地都很容易獲得。由於其用途廣泛，因此價格低廉，這在需要頻繁補充儲氣瓶時(例如在地應用系統)是一個重要的考慮因素。其優點包括：無需依賴任何外部能源即可自動運作；所有操作部件均完全封閉；使用後無需更換重錘或密封圈；無需拆卸系統即可輕鬆測試所有重要操作部件；並且無需對管道施加填充壓力。

Carbon dioxide is a standard commercial product with many other industrial uses and it is readily available throughout the world. Because of its universal use it can be obtained cheaply and this is an important consideration when frequent recharging of storage cylinders is necessary, as may occur in local application systems. Its benefits include automatic operation without reliance on any outside source of energy, all operating parts are completely enclosed, there are no falling weights or sealing discs to replace after operation, all vital operating parts can be easily tested without dismantling the system and it does not require a padding pressure for flow through pipework.

優點 Advantages	缺點 Disadvantages
無腐蝕 Non-corrosive.	對人體生命有危害，即使在空氣中濃度達9%時，也能在幾分鐘內導致昏迷 Hazardous to human life, even concentrations of 9% in air can induce unconsciousness in just a few minutes.
不導電 Electrically non-conductive.	雖然施放時溫度極低，可能會損壞敏感的電子設備，但對火焰卻沒有冷卻效果 Although discharge is extremely cold and can damage sensitive electronic equipment, there is no cooling effect on the fire.
可輕鬆儲存於氣瓶或專用散裝儲槽 Easily stored in gas bottles or in purpose-designed bulk storage tanks.	可用數量有限 Finite quantity available.
長期儲存不受影響 Unaffected by long storage.	可能會復燃 Re-ignition of fire possible.
不會留下任何殘留物，不會損壞設備或需要清潔 Leaves no residue to damage equipment or needing clean-up.	對燃燒時自身產生氧氣的物質無效 Ineffective on materials that generate their own oxygen when burning.

雖然啟動程序可能因製造商而異，但大多數系統都遵循以下通用的操作方法：

Although the initiating procedure may differ from manufacturer to manufacturer, most of these systems follow a general operating method as follows:

1. 在將二氧化碳排放到受保護空間之前，應先撤離所有人員，關閉所有風扇並關閉所有開口(通風口、門、艙口、天窗等)。

Before discharging CO₂ into a protected space, evacuate all personnel, stop all fans and close all openings (vents, doors, hatches, skylights, etc).

2. 為了在意外排放時保障船員安全並防止誤啟，大多數系統都配備了兩個拉線盒，系統排放由此啟動。通常需要先打開鎖扣裝置或打破玻璃來操作拉桿，然後再將操作拉繩從每個拉線盒中拉出。

For crew security in the event of inadvertent discharge and to prevent tampering, most systems are provided with two pull boxes, from which the system discharge is initiated. It is usually necessary to release a latching device or to access a pull lever by breaking a glass before an operating cable is pulled away from each of the pull boxes.

3. 拉繩從受保護空間外的操作位置透過滑輪和導軌系統，連接到二氧化碳氣瓶組。一條拉繩用於打開一個或多個啟動氣瓶上的排放閥，另一條拉繩用於操作先導閥上的控制頭。

From their operating position outside of the protected space, the cables are led through a system of pulleys and guides to bank of CO₂ cylinders. One cable is arranged to open the discharge valves on one or more pilot cylinders, the other operates the control head on a pilot port valve.

4. 啟動後，二氧化碳從主氣瓶組釋放到先導閥，並保持至少20秒。

Once activated, CO₂ is released from the main cylinder bank to the pilot port valve and held for at least 20 seconds.

5. 在超過20秒的延遲時間內，歧管內的二氧化碳壓力會啟動壓力開關，進而觸發二氧化碳排放警報，並且根據需要，開始關閉通風風扇和空氣擋板。

During the 20+ second delay, CO₂ pressure in the manifold activates pressure switches that in turn energise the CO₂ discharge alarm and, as appropriate commences the shutdown of supply and exhaust ventilation fans and dampers.

5. 延遲期結束後，二氧化碳壓力作用於先導閥，使其完全打開，以便將滅火劑排放到受保護區域。

At the end of the delay period, CO₂ pressure acts on the pilot valve causing it to open fully and facilitating the discharge of the extinguishing agent into the protected space.

如前所述，不同系統的操作和釋放程序各不相同，因此所有船員務必了解其受保護區域、系統的具體設計特點以及船上適用的啟動程序，包括人員撤離。

As stated earlier, the operating and release procedures differ from system to system and it is important that all members of the crew know their protected areas, the specific design characteristics of the system and the activation procedures, including personnel evacuation of the space, as applied onboard the vessel.

對於火災後二氧化碳充滿的區域應保持抑制狀態的時間，並沒有黃金法則。但以下指南可能會有所幫助：

There are no golden rules for the amount of time that a CO₂ flooded space should be allowed to remain suppressed following a fire. However the following guidelines may assist:

1. 即使盡一切努力「封鎖」受保護區域，仍可能發生氣體外洩。因此，在初始排放後，可能需要向該區域持續注入額外的二氧化碳。所需的額外二氧化碳排放量取決於以下因素：

Even if every effort is made to "batten-down" the protected space, leakage of the gas will probably occur. Accordingly it may be necessary to inject additional CO₂ into the space following initial discharge. The amount of extra CO₂ needed depends on:

(1) 洩漏量

Amount of leakage

(2) 燃料燃燒類型

Type of fuel burning

(3) 空間內可辨別的熱量

Amount of heat discernable within the space

(4) 空間體積

Volume of the space

對於大多數裝置，船長將獲得一份系統概況圖，以指示在指定空間內需要排放的氣瓶數量以及排放間隔。

For most installations, the Master will be provided with a system profile chart to indicate the quantity of fully charged cylinders required to be discharged in the specified space and at what intervals.

2. 是否注入更多二氧化碳取決於以下因素：

The decision to inject more CO₂ will depend on:

(1) 剩餘的二氧化碳儲備量

The quantity of gas remaining in reserve

(2) 距離港口或可補充二氧化碳氣瓶地點的距離

The distance to a port or location where additional CO₂ cylinders can be supplied to the ship

(3) 火勢強度(檢查周圍艙壁、甲板、艙頂、艙門等處的溫度是否升高，油漆是否起泡)

The intensity of the fire (check for increasing heat and paint blistering on surrounding bulkheads, decks, deckheads, doors, etc.

(4) 是否有煙霧產生

Evidence of smoke production.

使用二氧化碳時，需要耐心。許多機艙火災都是由於一開始倉促且不當的將二氧化碳注入受保護區域，或注入完成後沒有耐心的打開艙門通風而導致推定全損。

When using CO_2, it's a case of being patient. Many machinery room fires have resulted in a constructive total loss due to hasty and improper delivery of the CO₂ into the protected space in the first place or impatience to open up and ventilate the space once the injection is complete.

請記住，二氧化碳不會冷卻火勢，因此即使火勢可能被撲滅，燃料仍有可能會復燃。如有必要，請務必預留數小時或數天，以確保充足的浸泡(冷卻)時間，並定期進行上述檢查以監控情況。

Remember, CO₂ does not cool the fire, so although the fire may be extinguished, re-ignition of the fuel is still possible. Always allow many hours or days if necessary to ensure adequate soaking (cooling) time and carry out the above checks at frequent intervals to monitor the situation.

二氧化碳無法維持生命，會迅速致人員死亡。切勿在未配戴自給式呼吸器的情況下進入充滿二氧化碳的防護空間。請遵守密閉空間進入程序。

CO₂ does not support life and quickly kills. Never enter a protected space filled with CO₂ without the use of a self-contained breathing apparatus. Comply with enclosed space entry procedures.

7.4 廚房防護

Galley protection

船上廚房具備了所有容易引發火災的因素：

The ship's galley has all the ingredients necessary for fire:

1. 明火及其他熱能來源

Open flames and other sources of heat energy

2. 用於加熱和烹調食物的各種燃料

Various fuels for heating and food preparation

3. 易燃包裝、廢棄物和垃圾

Inflammable packaging, waste and garbage

4. 難以觸及區域積聚的油脂。

Accumulations of oil and grease in inaccessible areas.

此外，廚房通常人員密集，一時疏忽就可能引發嚴重火災，因此存在許多危險。

Add these hazards to the fact that the galley is often a busy place and one moment's inattentiveness can be the cause of a serious fire.

廚房使用期間，切勿無人看管。廚房作業完成後，務必檢查所有熱源是否已關閉，並在無人看管時保持廚房未上鎖狀態，以便消防和保全人員巡查。

Never leave a galley unattended during use. On completion of galley operations, always check that all sources of energy are shutdown and that the galley remains unlocked when unattended to facilitate inspection during fire and security rounds.

廚房內大多數火災的起因是廚房人員的清潔不善和疏忽大意。因此，務必依照公司規定處理包裝和垃圾，以防止其堆積形成火災隱患。

Inadequate housekeeping and carelessness on the part of galley personnel cause most fires in the galley. It is vital that packaging and garbage is disposed of in accordance with Company procedures and not allowed to accumulate to form a fire hazard.

除顯而易見的衛生要求外，嚴禁在廚房以及其他食物準備和儲存區域吸煙。

Apart from the obvious hygiene requirements, never allow smoking in the galley and within other food preparation and storage areas.

爐灶

Ranges

廚房爐灶有嚴重的火災風險，請務必確保任何易燃物品(例如烤箱布、清潔抹布和餐巾紙)遠離爐灶，並且切勿在爐灶上方懸掛或存放任何物品。

A galley range gives rise to severe risk of fire, always ensure that easily ignitable materials such as oven clothes, cleaning rags and paper catering towels are kept away from the range and never hang or stow any materials above a range.

船舶在海上航行時，尤其是在預計會出現惡劣天氣或海浪時，請使用爐灶板條。

Use range battens whenever the vessel is at sea, especially when heavy weather or swell is expected.

請務必確保加熱元件控制器功能齊全。如果爐灶區域發生小火災，請確保能立即使用適當的B級滅火器和滅火毯。

Always ensure the heating element controls are fully functional. Ensure in the event of a small fire occurring in the area of a range a suitable Class B extinguisher and fire blankets should be used.

如果無法使用手提式滅火設備控制火勢，則需要動員全體船員採取全面的滅火行動，以防止火勢在住艙區域進一步蔓延。

In the event of failure to control the fire with portable appliances a full fire-fighting response will be necessary to prevent further spread within accommodation areas.

油炸鍋

Deep fat fryers

油炸鍋(有時也稱為深炸鍋)是陸上商業廚房(例如快餐業)和船上廚房中最常見的火源。

Deep fat fryers (sometimes called deep fryers) are the most common source of fire in both commercial kitchens ashore such as in the fast-food industry, and in the ship's galley.

這些烹飪器具應小心使用，並應經常檢查是否運作正常，從第一次加熱到煎炸作業完成再到關閉加熱源。

These cooking appliances should to be used with great care and should be frequently checked for correct operation from the first application of heat to completion of frying operations and the shutting off of the heating source.

深炸鍋依賴恆溫控制器的正確運行，以將油箱內的油脂溫度保持在最佳烹飪溫度，因此存在較高的火災風險。然而，油脂的污染程度、油炸產品的含水量以及整體清潔度等因素都會影響設備的整體性能，並降低安全保障設計措施的有效性。
Deep fat fryers give rise to a high fire risk due to their dependency on the correct functioning of thermostatic controls to govern the temperature of the fat or oil within its reservoir at the optimum cooking temperature. However factors such as the level of contamination of the fat or oil, the water content of the product being fried and the overall cleanliness can impact upon the overall performance of the appliance and degrade design safety safeguards.

如果深炸鍋著火，請使用合適的B類滅火器進行滅火。
In the event of a deep fat fryer fire, attack the fire with an appropriate Class B extinguisher.

7.5 附錄(本船設備詳情及操作程序)

Appendix (Own ship’s equipment detail and operation procedures)

(檢附本船的「CO₂滅火系統」操作程序)
(Attached is the own ship's CO2 fire extinguishing system operating procedures)