航海日誌記錄要點

Key points for noting logbook
航海日誌記錄要點 

尚作仁船長 編撰 Compiled by Captain David Shang

The Deck log should record items, usually including the following (but not limited to):
甲板日誌需記錄事項，通常包括以下(但不限)資訊：

Underway
航行中：

· Courses steered, alter new course time and position.
駕駛航向、改變新航向的時間及船位。

· Each shift calculates the compass error.
(Including magnetic compass error and gyro compass error)
每班測算羅經差。(包括磁羅經誤差及電羅經誤差)

· The .Main engine R.P.M. in each shift.
每班主機轉速。

· Daily noon position. (Including the following information)
每日正午船位。(包括以下資訊)

· Daily distance covered, total distance covered and distance to go.
每日航行距離、總航行距離和剩餘距離。

· Daily sailing time, total sailing time and ETA time to go.
每日航行時間、總航行時間和預計到達時間。

· Time, bearing and distance passed over important headlands.
通過重要岬角的時間、方位和距離。

· Weather condition (including wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, humidity and temperature) and sea conditions for each shift.
每班天氣狀況(包括風力、風向、氣壓、濕度及氣溫)和海況。

· Soundings of water tanks and cargo hold bilge wells.(Once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day)
水艙及貨艙污水井測量。(每日上午測量一次、下午測量一次)

Abnormal or special events
異常或特殊事件：

· Description of any physical contact with other floating objects or vessels.
與其他漂浮物體或船隻的任何實質接觸的陳述。

· Description of distress messages or signals received, assistance given, or reasons why assistance was not given.
收到的遇險資訊或信號時，提供的援助或未提供援助的原因陳述。

· Description of deviations from the voyage plan and reasons therefore.
偏離航行計畫的情況及其原因陳述。

· Any other event which may result in an investigation by authorities.
其他可能導致主管當局調查的事件。

· Times of arrivals, departures, anchoring, mooring, or berthing.
到達、離開、拋錨、繫泊或停泊的時間。

· Inspection status of life-saving and fire-fighting equipment.
救生滅火設備的檢查狀況。

· Records of training or drills.
訓練或操演的紀錄。

In harbour
靠港時：

· Daily loading and unloading status of cargo.
每日貨物裝卸狀況。

· Daily draughts forward and aft.
每日船艏與船艉吃水。

· Description of emergency situations and major incidents that occurred.
發生緊急情況和重大事故的陳述。

· Any other incident or happening of note.
任何其他值得記載的事件或情況。

 

Every Watch Deck Log Book Entries
每班當值甲板日誌記載：

· Bridge watch level (I, II or III) with names of helmsman and lookout as applicable.
Time and position of Bridge watch level change.
駕駛台值班等級(I、II或III)，並根據情況註明舵手和瞭望員的姓名。
駕駛台值班等級變更的時間和位置。

· Position fixes with interval in accordance with passage plan (Visual and radar position fixing and monitoring techniques should be used whenever possible.)
依照航行計畫按間隔時間進行定位(應盡可能使用視覺、雷達定位和監控技術)

· Courses steered and time of alterations in course.
所駕駛的航向和改變航向的時間。

· Movements of the vessel in the sea, rolling, pitching, etc.
船舶在海上的移動，橫搖、縱搖等。

· Weather observations and significant changes in the weather.
天氣觀測和天氣的顯著變化。

· Details of abnormal events or conditions.
異常事件或情況的詳細資訊。

· Manual Steering should be tested at least once a watch when automatic pilot is in use.
使用自動操舵駕駛時，應至少每班測試一次手動操舵。

· E/R attended / unattended (+UMS Log Book).
機艙有人當值/無人當值(+UMS日誌簿)。

· Safety/Security Patrols were done by AB.
安全/保全巡查已由AB完成。

Arrival / Pilotage / Departure
到港 / 領航 / 離港

Arrival
到港：

· Engine Room attended, ME tested and set to manoeuvring mode. (at least 1 hr before arrival)
機艙已有人值班，主機已測試並已設定為備便操縱模式。(抵達前至少1小時)

· Pre-arrival Check list of Nav. completed. All equipment found in good working condition.
到達前航儀檢查表已完成。所有設備均處於良好的工作狀態。

· Check list of Nav. in Coastal Waters completed.
沿岸航行航儀檢查表已完成。

· Master in conn, change of Bridge Watch level to No. II, name of lookout Mr. Trainee.
由船長指揮，駕駛台值班級別改為二級，瞭望員姓名為實習先生。

· BNWAS de-activated.
BNWAS已停用。

· End of Sea Passage.
全速航行結束。

· Manual steering engaged
換成手操舵

· Pilot ladder rigged and visually inspected, Pilot boarding arrangements checked –all ok.
領港梯已安裝完畢並經過目視檢查，領港登船安排已檢查 - 一切正常。

· Pilot on board, name of pilot Mr. Pilot.
領港上船，領港姓名為領航員先生。

· Change of Bridge Watch level to No. III.
駕駛台值班等級變更為三級。

· Master-Pilot information exchange carried out, Check list of Nav. completed.
船長與領港進行訊息交換，航儀檢查表已完成。

· Passed breakwater (if applicable)
已通過防波堤(如適用)·

· Pre-mooring operations debriefing with mooring personnel carried out.
與繫泊人員舉行了繫泊前作業簡報。

· Mooring stations manned, mooring equipment tested and found in good working condition.
繫泊部位人員備便，繫泊設備經過測試，功能良好。

· Bow Thruster tested — ok
艏側推器測試—正常

· Tug(s) made fast, stating location and tug(s) name.
拖船已繫好，註明協助位置及拖船名稱。

· First line ashore.
第一纜帶上岸。

· Tug(s) away.
拖船離開。

· All line made fast, finish with engine and bow thruster.
各纜帶上繫固，主機和船艏側推器完俥。

· Arrival condition: Drafts fwd/aft, bunker IFO/MGO, FW and displacement.
到港狀態：船艏/船艉吃水、燃油(IFO/MGO)、淡水和排水量。

· Accommodation ladder visually inspected – ok
舷梯目視檢查－正常

· Gangway down, pilot disembarked.
舷梯放下，領港下船。

GMDSS Log Book— when closing the radio station/watch – same shall be recorded as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (19, 20)

GMDSS日誌簿—關閉無線電台/值班時—應依照STCW規則第4-3部分(19, 20)進行記錄。

Departure
離港：

· Steering Gear Tested (within 12 hrs before departure)
舵機測試(出發前12小時內)

· All crew members on board (1 hr before departure)
所有船員已回船(出發前1小時)

· Stowaway search carried out, no stowaways and/or suspicious objects found.
已對偷渡者進行搜查，未發現偷渡者和/或可疑物品。

· Departure condition: Cargo loaded, Drafts fwd/aft, bunker IFO/MGO, FW and displacement.出發狀態：船艏/船艉吃水、燃油(IFO/MGO)、淡水和排水量。

· Pre-departure Check list of Nav. completed. All equipment found in good working condition.
出發前航儀檢查表已完成。所有設備均處於良好的工作狀態。

· Check list of Nav. in Coastal Waters completed.
沿岸航行航儀檢查表已完成。

· ME tested ahead/astern, Bow Thruster tested – ok.
主機向前/向後測試，艏側推器測試 – 正常。

· Pre-mooring operations debriefing with mooring personnel carried out.
與繫泊人員舉行了繫泊前作業簡報。

· Mooring stations manned, mooring equipment tested and found in good working condition.
繫泊部位人員備便，繫泊設備經過測試，功能良好。

· Master in conn, Bridge Watch level No. III, name of lookout Mr. XXXXXX
由船長指揮，駕駛台值班級別改為三級，瞭望員姓名為XXXXXX先生。

· Pilot on board, name of pilot Mr. Pilot.
領港上船，領港姓名為領航員先生。

· Master-Pilot information exchange carried out, Check list of Nav. completed.
船長與領港進行訊息交換，航儀檢查表已完成。

· Tug(s) made fast, stating location and tug(s) name.
拖船已繫好，註明協助位置及拖船名稱。

· All cast off, departed berth
所有纜繩已收回，離開泊位

· Tug(s) away
拖船離開

· Pilot ladder rigged and visually inspected, Pilot boarding arrangements checked –all ok.
領港梯已安裝完畢並經過目視檢查，領港登船安排已檢查 - 一切正常。

· Passed breakwater (if applicable)
已通過防波堤(如適用)

· Pilot disembarked
領港下船

· Change of Bridge Watch level to No. II
駕駛台值班等級改為二級

· Start of Sea Passage
開始全速航行

· Auto steering engaged
自動操舵已啟用

· Change of Bridge Watch level to No. I, OOW in command.
駕駛台值班等級改為一級，由當值船副指揮。

 

· BNWAS activated, alarm time setting — min
BNWAS啟動，鬧鐘時間設定 — 分鐘

· GMDSS Log Book– All pre departure tests as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (14) completed. All distress and safety radio equipment (EPIRB, SART, VHF) and the reserve source of energy are in efficient working condition

GMDSS 日誌簿–依照STCW規則第4-3(14)部分完成所有出發前測試。所有遇險和安全無線電設備(EPIRB、SART、VHF)和備用能源均處於高效能工作狀態

 

· On sailing while the station opened all records as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (15,16) Requirements.
航行期間，電台依照STCW規則第4-3部分(15、16)要求啟動所有記錄。

 

 

Anchorage
錨泊：

· Time when anchor is dropped (Nav. Lights changes, AIS status updated)
拋錨時間(航行燈變更，AIS狀態更新)

· Port/Stbd anchor is use, quantity of shackles in the water.
使用左舷/右舷錨，錨鍊入水中節數。

· Reference control bearings to be taken from the fixed objects.
從固定目標方位獲得定位參考。

· Security watch fwd/aft and hourly security rounds (if applicable)
前後保全監視及每小時保全巡查(如適用)

· Before departure from anchorage all tests and check as per Departure section of this document.
離開錨地之前，請按照本文件的「出發部分」進行所有測試和檢查。

· Time commenced heaving up anchor.
開始起錨時間。

· Anchor aweigh, anchor clear.
錨已吊起，錨離水面。

Weekly Deck Log Book Entries
每週甲板日誌記載：

 

· All LSA and FSS weekly/monthly checks carried out as per SOLAS regulations.
所有LSA和FSS每週/每月檢查均依照SOLAS規定進行。

· All SCBA checked for leakage.
檢查所有SCBA是否漏氣。

· All Fireman’s outfits are on proper place in good order;
所有救火員的服裝均擺放在正確位置並保持良好狀態；

· L/B and rescue boat Engines were tested run ahead/astern for a period 3 min. OK;
L/B和救援艇引擎進行了向前/向後運轉3分鐘的測試。功能正常

· Weekly test of Fire Alarm system was done;
每週對火災警報系統進行測試；

· Test of Emergency Generator was done;
完成了緊急發電機的測試；

· Drills as per drills planning schedule;

·依照操演計畫進行操演；·

· Weekly Inspection of Accommodation, Galley and Provision Space;
每週檢查住艙、廚房及糧食庫房。

· In addition to flag state requirements, it is recommended that the following events and items, as appropriate, be among those recorded:
除船旗國要求外，建議視情況將以下事件和項目納入記錄：

 

 

Before commencing the voyage
啟航前：

Details of all data relating to the general condition of the ship should be acknowledged and recorded, such as manning and provisioning, cargo aboard, draught, result of stability/stress checks when conducted, inspections of controls, the steering gear and navigational and radio communication equipment, stowaway and contraband search.
應確認並記錄所有與船舶整體狀況有關的資料詳情，例如人員配備和給養、船上貨物、吃水、穩定度/應力檢查結果、控制裝置檢查、操舵裝置和導航及無線電通訊設備檢查、偷渡客和違禁品搜查。

 

 

Information related to navigation
與航海相關的信息：

Details related to the voyage should be recorded, such as courses steered and distances sailed, position fixings, weather and sea conditions, changes to the voyage plan, details of pilots’ embarkation/disembarkation, and entry into areas covered by, and compliance with, ship routeing or reporting systems.
應記錄與航行有關的詳細信息，例如航路航向和航行距離、定位、天氣和海況、航行計劃變更、領港登船/離船，以及進入船舶航路或報告系統覆蓋區域和遵守這些系統的情況。

 

A permanent record shall be kept containing all sight reduction computations used to fix the vessel’s position, as well as all azimuthal computations used to determine compass error.
應永久保存記錄，其中包含測算定位的所有計算結果，以及用於確定羅盤誤差的所有方位角計算結果。

On special events
在特殊事件上：

Details on special events should be recorded, such as death and injuries among passengers and crew, malfunctions of shipboard equipment and aids to navigation, potentially hazardous situations, emergencies and distress messages received.
應記錄特殊事件的詳細信息，例如乘客和船員的死亡和受傷、船上設備和助航設備故障、潛在的危險情況、緊急情況和收到的遇險信息。

When the ship is at anchor or in a port
當船舶停泊或靠泊港口時：

Details on operational or administrative matters and details related to the safety and security of the ship should be recorded.
應記錄有關營運或行政事項的詳細資訊，以及與船舶安全和保全有關的詳細資訊。

 

 

Method of recording
記錄方法：

SOLAS regulation V/28 requires that, if the records of navigational activities are not maintained in the ship’s log-book, they shall be maintained in another approved form. Methods of recording should be permanent and may be handwritten, electronic or mechanical.
SOLAS公約第V/28條規定，如果航行活動記錄未保存在船舶日誌中，則應以另一種經批准的形式保存。記錄方法應是永久性的，可以是手寫、電子或機械的。

 

 

Non-duplication
不重複：

In general, information on the events and items specified before, which are adequately recorded in a special-purpose log, need not be duplicated in the ship’s log-book.
一般而言，前面所述的事件和事項的信息，如果已在其他專用日誌中充分記錄，則無需在船舶航海日誌中重複記錄。

 

 

Preservation of Records
記錄保存：

In order to be able to restore a complete record of the voyage, records should be maintained as follows: 為了能夠完整復原航行記錄，應保存如下記錄：

 

· each page of the ship’s log-book should have a page number printed on it, and handwritten records which need correction should not be erased or removed but should be rewritten after crossing out the incorrect version;
船舶航海日誌的每一頁都應印有頁碼，需要更正的手寫記錄不應擦除或移除，而應在劃掉不正確的版本後重寫；

· the times used in automatic and permanent recording facilities should be synchronized by using a common clock;
自動和永久記錄設施所使用的時間應透過共同的時鐘進行同步紀錄；

· electronically or mechanically input records should be protected by means to prevent them from being deleted, destroyed or overwritten; and
應採取措施保護電子或機械輸入的記錄，防止其被刪除、破壞或覆蓋；和

· irrespective of the method of recording, ships should keep records for as long as the Administration concerned requires, provided the fixed period is not less than five year.
無論採用何種記錄方法，船舶都應依照相關主管機關的要求保存紀錄，且固定期限不得少於五年。

 

Logbooks
日誌：

A number of different types of logbooks will be kept on board every vessel. These will include the official log, the deck or mate’s log, the engine room log, rough logs, as well as the radio log, and sick bay log.
每艘船上都會保存多種不同類型的日誌。這些包括官方日誌、甲板或大副日誌、機艙日誌、航程摘要日誌以及無線電日誌和醫務室日誌。

 

Judges and arbitrators place great evidential value on these logs as a contemporaneous record of the vessel. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that all log books are maintained in an orderly manner and fully and accurately record all relevant factual information. Bell books, or any other type of rough logs are also important items of evidence and should be maintained in a neat and orderly manner.
法官和仲裁員非常重視這些日誌作為船舶的同期記錄的證據價值。因此，所有日誌簿的有序維護，以及完整且準確地記錄所有相關事實資訊至關重要。俥鐘記錄簿或任何其他類型的粗略記錄也是重要的證據，應保持整潔有序。

 

The Master should ensure that the officers and crew are aware of the importance of a logbook, and take care in making entries. Entries in the logbooks should always be written neatly in ink. If a mistake is made, a single line should be drawn through the relevant passage. Words should never be erased, either by rubbing out or by painting with erasing fluid. Erasures appear suspicious when logbooks are examined by the opposing party to a dispute, and, in any event, techniques are available whereby words which have been erased can be read. Furthermore, a judge or arbitrator examining a logbook which has many erasures and is untidy may draw adverse inferences about the way a vessel is generally maintained.

船長應確保船員和船副認識到航海日誌的重要性，並小心地進行記錄。日誌中的記載應始終用墨水工整地書寫。如果有錯誤，應在相關段落上畫一條線。文字絕不能被擦除，無論是透過擦除或是用擦除液塗抹。當爭議的另一方檢查日誌時，擦除的痕跡就會顯得可疑，而且，無論如何，都有技術可以讀取被擦除的文字。此外，法官或仲裁員在審查有大量塗改且雜亂的航海日誌時，可能會對船舶的整體管理維護方式得出不利的推論。

 

Just as in the case of the Master’s Report, entries in log books should be concise, factual and objective: no entry of an important nature should be made without due consideration and an account of an incident should never be exaggerated. Where rough or scrap logs are kept, it is these which will come under the closest scrutiny by the Court as they should have been written-up as the events were occurring or immediately after the events occurred. Engine room logs similarly need to be kept with the same thoroughness.

就像船長報告的情況一樣，航海日誌中的記錄應該簡潔、真實和客觀：不應在未經適當考慮的情況下進行任何重要記錄，也不應誇大事件的描述。如果是粗略或零散的日誌記載，這些日誌將受到法院最嚴格的審查，因為它們應該在事件發生時或事件發生後就應該立即記錄下來。機艙日誌也需要同樣詳細地保存。

 

 

Logbook Entries
日誌記載：

A proper record of the movements and activities of the ship shall be maintained at all times.
應始終保存船舶運轉和活動的適當記錄。

 

The recording of the movements and activities of the ship is of prime importance in that it can demonstrate that the ship is at all times being navigated in a safe and proper manner.
記錄船舶的運轉和活動至關重要，因為它可以證明船舶始終以安全和正確的方式航行。

 

From the entries in the Deck Log Book, Bridge Bell Book or any other record book, it must be possible to establish the position of the ship at all times, and the actions taken on the bridge concerning the navigation of the ship and any factors which may have influenced these actions.
透過甲板日誌、駕駛台俥鐘紀錄簿或任何其他記錄簿中的記錄，必須能夠確定船舶在任何時候的位置，以及在駕駛台上採取與船舶航行有關的行動，以及可能影響這些行動的任何因素。

 

The instructions for the completion of the Deck Log Book, Bridge Bell Book and any other navigation record book are to be strictly observed. Erasures must never be made in the Deck Log Book, Bridge Bell Book or any other navigation record book.
應嚴格遵守甲板日誌、駕駛台俥鐘記錄簿和任何其他航行記錄簿的填寫說明。絕對不能在甲板日誌、駕駛台俥鐘紀錄簿或任何其他航行記錄簿上進行塗改。

 

If an error is made, a thin line must be drawn through the error such that the entry still remains legible. The correct entry should then be written beside the error and the change initiated by the officer making the change.
如果發生錯誤，則必須在錯誤處畫一條細線，以使記載仍然清晰可辨。然後應在錯誤旁邊寫上正確的記載以及進行更改的船副簽名。

 

Entries referring to something unusual or if any doubts, before writing it is convenient to discuss with the Master.
記敘文中如有涉及不尋常的事情或有任何疑問，在記載前可以先與船長討論。

 

The officer of the watch should sign the Log book under the remarks made for his/her watch period. The master should sign the deck Log book at the end of each day’s end.
當值船副應在航海日誌上，根據其值班期間的備註簽署。船長應在每天結束時在甲板航海日誌上簽名。