英文的否定句與中文的否定句,在文法上比較類似,因此中國人在用英文表達否定意思的時候,比較少鬧笑話,至少一個簡單的“No”就足以表達否定的意思,但中國人在寫否定句型時,經常分不清“no”和“not”的區別。
“no”和“not”的基本原則是,如果要用no,後面必須接一個名詞,例如:
I saw no students over there.
He has no friends.
I have no money.
如果要將上面的否定句改用not,需要加助動詞do或其變形 + not,例如:
I did not see any students over there.
He does not have any friends.
I do not have any money.
注意: 助動詞do後面要接原形動詞。
以not表示否定的句型,又可以分為下面幾種類型:
1. Verb to Be後面可以直接加not,例如:
肯定句 否定句
I am a boy. I am not a boy
She is a model. She is not a model?
They are soldiers. They are not soldiers?
2. 助動詞後面可以直接加not,例如:
肯定句 否定句
They will come. They will not come.
He can swim. He cannot swim.
They should drink wine very often. They should not drink wine very often.
3. 一般動詞必須加助動詞do或其變形 + not,例如:
肯定句 否定句
He smokes. He does not smoke.
I love sports. I do not love sports.
We saw that movie. We did not see that movie.
注意: 助動詞do後面要接原形動詞。
4. 英文have to = must,是「必須或必要」的意思,含有have to的句子,若要改成「不必要」的否定句,可在have to前面加助動詞do或其變形 + not,例如:
肯定句 否定句
He had to leave. He did not have to leave.
I have to complete the work. I do not have to complete the work.
We have to hurry up. We do not have to hurry up.
除了not之外,never也可以表達否定的意思,但是要注意never常用在完成式的句子裡,例如:
We have never met before. (我們以前從未見過面)
He has never been here. (他以前從未來過這裡)
They have never washed their clothes. (他們從未洗過他們的衣服)
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