GMDSS的前世與今生

The Past and Present of GMDSS
GMDSS的前世與今生

尚作仁船長 編譯Compiled by Captain David Shang

 

Foreword
前言

Since its establishment in 1959, the International Maritime Organization and its Member Governments, in close co-operation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and with other international organizations, notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)、the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO), and with the Cospas-Sarsat partners, have striven to improve maritime distress and safety radio communications.
國際海事組織(IMO)自1959年成立以來，其成員國政府與國際電信聯盟(ITU)以及其他國際組織，特別是世界氣象組織(WMO)、國際海道測量組織(IHO)密切合作和國際移動衛星組織(IMSO)以及Cospas-Sarsat 合作夥伴一起，努力改善緊急求救和安全無線電通訊。

The culmination of this work was the entry into force and implementation of the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) in February 1999.
這項工作的最高成就是全球海上遇險和安全系統(GMDSS)於1999年2月生效並實施。

 

1.1 History
歷史

Since its establishment in 1959, the Intentional Maritime Organization (IMO), in its efforts to enhance safety at sea by the adoption of the highest practicable standards, has sought to improve the radio communication provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and to exploit the advances made in radio communication technology.
國際海事組織(IMO)自1959年成立以來，一直致力於透過採用最高可行的標準來加強海上安全，並尋求改進「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)的無線電通訊規定，並利用無線電通訊技術的進步。

The ship borne radio communication equipment prescribed by the 1960 and 1974 SOLAS Conventions consisted of radiotelegraph equipment for passenger ships of all sizes and cargo ships of 1600 tons gross tonnage and upwards, as well as radiotelephone equipment for cargo ships of 300 to 1600 tons gross tonnage. The ships so titled, although they could receive a distress alert, could not communicate with each other, and it was not until 1984 that all ships were required to be able to communicate by means of VHF and MF radiotelephone. The range of transmission on MF was only 150 miles, so for ships beyond this distance from the nearest coast station, the system was essentially a ship-to-ship distress system.
1960年及1974年「國際海上人命安全公約」(SOLAS)規定的船上無線電通訊設備包括：適用於各種規模的客船及1600總噸及以上的貨船的無線電報設備，以及適用於300至1600總噸貨船的無線電話設備。這些船舶雖然可以接收遇險警報，但無法相互通訊。直到1984年，所有船舶才被要求需能使用甚高頻(VHF)和中頻(MF)無線電話進行通訊。但中頻的傳輸範圍僅為150海里，因此對於距離最近海岸電台超過此距離的船舶，該系統本質上是一種船對船遇險系統。

In 1972, with the assistance of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) - now part of the International Telecommunication Union Radio Communication Sector (ITU-R) - IMO commenced a study of maritime satellite communications which resulted in the establishment, in 1979, of the Inmarsat organization, thus making available to shipping an international satellite communications system.
1972年，在國際無線電諮詢委員會(CCIR) (現為國際電信聯盟無線電通訊部門(ITU-R)的一部分)的協助下，IMO開始了一項海事衛星通訊研究，最終於1979年成立了國際海事衛星組織，從而為航運提供了國際衛星通訊系統。

In 1973 IMO reviewed its policy on the development of the maritime distress system so as to incorporate satellite communications and foresaw the possibility of automatic alerting and transmission of maritime distress and safety information.
1973年，國際海事組織審查了關於海上遇險系統發展的政策，以納入衛星通信，並預見自動警報和傳輸海上遇險和安全資訊的可能性。

In 1979 the International Conference on Maritime Search and Rescue adopted the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue 1979 (1979 SAR Convention). the ultimate objective of which is co establish a global plan for maritime search and rescue SAR) on a framework of multilateral or bilateral agreements between neighbouring states on the provision of SAR services in coastal and adjacent ocean waters to achieve co-operation and mutual support in responding to distress incidents. The Conference also invited IMO to develop a global maritime distress and safety system, including telecommunication provisions, for the effective operation of the search and rescue plan prescribed in the 1979 SAR Convention.
1979年，海上搜救會議通過了「國際海上搜救公約」1979 (1979 SAR Convention)。其最終目標是在鄰國之間沿海和鄰近海域，提供搜救服務的多邊或雙邊協議的框架下，共同制定全球海上搜救計劃，以實現在海上搜救方面的合作和相互支持。會議也邀請國際海事組織開發一個全球海上遇險與安全系統，包括遠距通訊規定，以有效執行1979年「搜尋與援救公約」規定的搜救計畫。

The IMO Assembly, at its eleventh session in 1979, considered the existing arrangements tor maritime distress and safety communications and decided that a new global maritime distress and safety system should be established to improve distress and safety radio communication and procedures. In conjunction with a co-ordinated search and rescue infrastructure, it would incorporate recent technical developments and significantly improve the safety of life at sea.
國際海事組織大會在1979年第十一屆會議上，審議了海上遇險和安全通訊的現有安排，並決定應建立一個新的全球海上遇險和安全系統，以改善遇險和安全無線電通訊和程序。與協調搜救基礎設施相結合，它將融入最新的技術發展，並顯著提高海上生命的安全。

With the assistance of the ITU, CCIR, other international organizations, notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Inmarsat, and the Cospas-Sarsat partners, IMO developed and proved the various equipment and techniques used in the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS). The ITU also established the appropriate regulatory framework for the implementation of the GMDSS.
在國際電信聯盟、CCIR和其他國際組織，特別是世界氣象組織(WMO)、國際水道測量組織(IHO)的協助下。國際海事衛星組織(Inmarsat)和Cospas-Sarsat合作夥伴、國際海事組織(IMO)開發並認可了全球海上遇險和安全系統(GMDSS)中使用的各種設備和技術。國際電聯也為實施GMDSS建立了適當的監管架構。

The 1983 and 1987 World Administrative Radio Conferences for the Mobile Services (WAKC Mob-83 and-87) adopted amendments to the ITU Radio Regulations, which prescribe the frequencies, operational procedures and radio personnel for the GMDSS.

1983年和1987年世界行動業務無線電行政會議(WAKC Mob-83 and-87)通過了「國際電聯無線電規則」修正案，規定了GMDSS的頻率、操作程序和無線電人員。

In 1988, the Conference of Contracting Governments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention on the (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS Conference) adopted amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention concerning radio communications for the GMDSS, together with several relevant resolutions. These amendments entered into force on 1 February 1992, and the GMDSS was fully implemented on 1 February 1999.
1988年，「1974年SOLAS公約」全球海上遇險和安全系統締約國會議(GMDSS會議)通過了「1974年SOLAS公約」有關GMDSS無線電通信的修正案以及多項相關決議。這些修正案於1992年2月1日生效，GMDSS於1999年2月1日全面實施。

 

1.2 The old system and the need for improvement
舊制度改進的必要性

The old maritime distress and safety system, as defined in Chapter IV of the 1974 SOLAS Convention in force prior to 1 February 1992, was based on the requirements that certain classes of ships, when at sea. keep continuous radio watch on the international distress frequencies assigned in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations and carried radio equipment capable of transmitting over a minimum specified range. The master of any ship at sea should, on receiving a signal that a ship, aircraft or survival craft is in distress, proceed with all speed to the assistance of the persons in distress, informing them that he is doing so. Since the minimum specified range of communications provided by the required ship-borne equipment was 100-150 nautical miles, assistance to a ship in distress could generally only be rendered by other shipping in the vicinity of an incident, which means that the old system was primarily intended for ship-to-ship operation. However, in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations, coast stations generally maintained a continuous watch during their service hours on the distress frequencies.
舊的海上遇險和安全系統，如1992年2月1日之前生效的1974年「國際海上人命安全公約」第四章所定義，是基於對海上船舶的某些類別的要求。持續監控根據國際電信聯盟無線電規則分配的國際遇險頻率，並攜帶能夠在最小指定範圍內傳輸的無線電設備。海上任何船舶的船長在收到船舶、飛機或救生艇遇險信號後，應全速前往救助遇險人員，並通知他們自己正在這樣做。由於所需船載設備提供的最小指定通訊範圍為100-150海里，因此對遇險船舶的援助通常只能由事故附近的其他船舶提供，這意味著舊系統的主要目的是用於船對船的操作。然而，根據國際電信聯盟無線電規則，海岸電台通常在其服務時間內會對遇險頻率進行連續守值。

 

The old system included two major manually operated subsystems:
舊系統包括兩個主要的手動操作子系統：

• the Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz for all cargo ships of 1600 tons gross tonnage and over and all passenger ships. Since Morse competence was essential to the operation of this system, a Morse-qualified Radio Officer was required on all ships having a radiotelegraph installation;
500kHz摩斯電報系統，適用於總噸位1600噸及以上的所有貨船和所有客船。由於摩斯電碼能力對於該系統的運作至關重要，因此所有配備無線電報裝置的船舶都需要一名具有收發摩斯電碼資格的無線電報員；

• the radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz for all cargo ships of 300 tons gross tonnage and over and all passenger ships, which provides common distress communications for all ships subject to the 1974 SOLAS Convention.
2182kHz和156.8MHz無線電話系統，適用於所有300總噸及以上的貨船和所有客船，為所有適用1974年SOLAS公約的船舶提供通用遇險通訊。

The introduction of newer technology , including satellite and digital selective calling techniques, enables a distress alert to be transmitted and received automatically over long range with a significantly higher reliability and without the need for the Morse-qualified Radio Officer.
更新的技術引入，包括衛星和數位選擇呼叫技術，使得遇險警報能夠在遠距離上自動傳輸和接收，可靠性顯著提高，並且不需要具有摩斯電碼資格的無線電報員。

 

1.3 Early implementation of GMDSS provisions
早期實施的GMDSS條款

The resolutions of the 1988 GMDSS Conference included various recommendations on the early introduction of GMDSS elements, particularly NAVTEX, satellite EPIRBs and ship earth stations. The automated direct-printing telegraph system for promulgation of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information to ships (NAVTEX) had been adopted through Assembly resolution A.617(15) in 1987 and Governments were invited to commence broadcasts and fit their ships with the equipment.
1988年GMDSS會議的決議包括關於儘早導入GMDSS要素的各種建議，特別是NAVTEX、衛星EPIRB和船舶地面站。1987年大會第A.617(15)號決議通過了用於對船舶傳播航行和氣象警報及緊急信息的自動直接列印電報系統(NAVTEX)，並邀請各國政府開始廣播並為其船舶配備該設備。

Some Administrations in the European sea area granted exemptions allowing their ships to sail without a Radio Officer on condition of carriage of NAVTEX. Carriage of Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) working on VHF aeronautical frequencies had been introduced in 1983 amendments to the SOLAS Convention and the newer satellite EPIRBs required by the GMDSS were recommended to be accepted as equivalent. Some Administrations grated exemptions allowing their ships to sail without a radio officer on condition of the carriage of an Inmarsat-A ship earth station. The carriage requirements for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and Narrow-Band Direct Printing (NBDP) were initially kept under review but were confirmed by the thirty-seventh session of the COM Sub-Committee in 1991. Part B of the 1988 amendments concerned an undertaking by contracting Government to make available, individually or in co-operation, appropriate shore-based facilities for space and terrestrial radio communication services. Recommendations on the provision of radio services were prepared in 1991 (later expanded in resolution A.801 (19) in 1995).
歐洲海域的一些主管部門給予豁免，允許其船舶在攜帶NAVTEX的情況下，在沒有無線電人員的情況下航行。1983年對SOLAS公約進行了修訂，引入了在VHF航空頻率上運作的緊急無線電示位標(EPIRB)，並且建議接受GMDSS要求的較新的衛星EPIRB作為等效設備。一些主管部門給予豁免，允許其船舶在配備Inmarsat-A船舶地面站的情況下，在沒有無線電人員的情況下航行。數位選擇呼叫(DSC)和窄帶直接列印(NBDP)的配備要求最初仍在審查中，但在1991年COM分委會第三十七次會議上得到確認。各國政府承諾單獨或聯合提供適當的岸基設施用於太空和地面無線電通訊服務。1991年制定了關於提供無線電服務的建議(後來在1995年A.801(19)號決議中擴充)。

The GMDSS adopted the Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART) for locating, and this device was specified to work with radars operating in the 9 GHz frequency band. Since ships' radars could operate in other frequency bands, Assembly resolution A.614(15) was adopted in 1987 recommending Governments to ensure that their ships were equipped with at least one radar operating in the 9 GHz band. Subsequent changes to chapter V of SOLAS made the carriage of a 9 GHz radar a requirement after 1995.
GMDSS採用搜救雷達應答器(SART)進行定位，該設備指定與工作在9GHz頻段的雷達配合使用。由於船舶雷達可以在其他頻段運作，大會於1987年通過了A.614(15)號決議，建議各國政府確保其船舶至少配備一台在9 GHz頻段運作的雷達。隨後對SOLAS第V章的修改，使得1995年後要求船舶配置9 GHz雷達。

 

1.4 Implementation 1992 - 1999
1992 - 1999年實施情形

The 1988 amendments to the SOLAS Convention set out the time-trame for installing the GMDSS radio equipment, taking into account system amortization, operational continuity, personnel training, etc. To this end. the following transitional approach for the implementation of the GMDSS was given:
1988年SOLAS公約修正案規定了安裝GMDSS無線電設備的時間表，考慮到系統折舊、運作連續性、人員訓練等。給出了以下實施GMDSS的過渡方法：

• all ships constructed after 1 February 1992 to be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft;
1992年2月1日之後建造的所有船舶，為救生艇配備了雷達應答器和雙向VHF無線電話設備；

• all ships to be fitted with a NAVTEX receiver and a satellite EPIRB by 1 August 1993;
1993年8月1日之前，所有船舶都將安裝NAVTEX接收器和衛星EPIRB；

• all ships constructed before 1 February 1992 to be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft by 1 February 1995;
1992年2月1日之前建造的所有船舶，在1995年2月1日之前為救生艇安裝雷達轉發器和雙向甚高頻無線電話設備；

• all ships constructed after I Februaiy 1995 to comply with all the appropriate requirements for the GMDSS;
1995年2月1日之後建造的所有船舶均符合GMDSS的所有適當要求；

• all ships to be fitted with at least one radar capable of operating in the 9 GHz band by 1 February 1995; and
1995年2月1日之前，所有船舶至少配備一台能夠在9 GHz頻段運作的雷達；

• all ships to comply with the appropriate requirements for the GMDSS by 1 February 1999.
所有船舶在1999年2月1日之前需遵守GMDSS的適當要求。

With experience of operation of the new system, certain additional requirements were added. In some early GMDSS installations the GMDSS equipment was installed in the old radio room, which was not always convenient to the bridge. Amendments were adopted in 1995 introducing new requirements into regulation IV/6 for a distress panel and distress alarm panel to be installed in passenger ships at the conning position.
隨著新系統的運作經驗，又增加了一些額外的要求。在一些早期的GMDSS裝置中，GMDSS設備安裝在舊的無線電室中，這對於駕駛台來說並不總是很方便。1995年通過的修正案對第IV/6條提出了，需安裝在客船指揮位置的遇險面板和遇險警報面板的新要求。

Aeronautical frequencies were not initially used in the GMDSS but. because of difficulty with communicating with SAR aircraft, regulation IV/7 was extended, in the amendments adopted in 1995, with a requirement for passenger ships to have a means of two-way on-scene radiocommnication using the aeronautical frequencies 121.5 MHz and 123.1 MHz.
GMDSS最初並未使用航空頻率。但由於與搜救飛機通訊困難，第IV/7條在1995年通過的修正案中擴充，要求客船需配備使用航空頻率121.5 MHz和123.1 MHz的雙向現場無線電通訊的規定。

The dedicated radio officer was not required in the GMDSS but personnel qualified for distress and safety radiocommunication were required on board ship (regulation IV/16). In the amendments adopted in 1995 regulation IV/16 was extended with a requirement in passenger ships for at least one person to be assigned to solely person radiocommunication duties during distress incidents.
GMDSS不再需要專門的無線電報員，但船上需要具備遇險和安全無線電通訊資格的人員(第IV/16條)。在1995年通過的修正案中，第IV/16條進行了擴充，要求客船上至少有一名人員在遇險事件期間，被指派獨自承擔無線電通訊職責。

The automatic updating of position information was recommended in the GMDSS, but in the amendments adopted in 1995, a requirement was added to regulation IV/6, for passenger ships, for information on the ship's position to be continuously and automatically provided to all relevant radiocommunication equipment and to be included in an initial distress alert. Later amendments adopted in 1998 introduced a new regulation IV/18 requiring automatic updating of position in a distress alert for all ships.
GMDSS建議自動更新船位信息，但在1995年通過的修正案中，第IV/6條中增加了一項要求，即對於客船，船舶位置信息應連續、自動地提供給所有相關無線電通信設備並包含在初始遇險警報中。1998年通過的修正案導入了新的IV/18條例，要求自動更新所有船舶遇險警報中的船位。

The satellite EPIRB had proved to be a successful component of the GMDSS but, being a device only used in an emergency, was considered to require testing in a similar way to life-saving appliances. Amendments adopted in 1988 introduced an extra requirement to regulation IV/15 requiring an annual test of an EPIRB and guidance given in MSC/Circ.882. The requirement was further expanded with amendments adopted in 2004.
衛星EPIRB已被證明是GMDSS的成功組成部分，但作為一種僅在緊急情況下使用的設備，被認為需要類似救生設備的方式進行定期測試。1988年通過的修正案對IV/15法規提出了一項額外要求，要求每年對EPIRB進行測試，並在MSC/Circ.882中給予指導。2004年通過的修正案進一步擴大了這項要求。

With the increasing need for information in databases to assist search and rescue activities, amendments adopted in 1998 introduced an additional undertaking by contracting Governments in regulation IV/5 for making suitable arrangements for registering GMDSS identities and making information available to rescue co-ordination centres.
隨著資料庫中資訊對協助搜救活動的需求不斷增加，1998年通過的修正案在第IV/5條中引入了一項額外承諾，即締約國政府應作出適當安排，登記GMDSS設備身份(MMSI)並向救援協調中心提供資訊。

 

1.5 Developments since 1999
1999年以來的發展

The text of chapter IV of SOLAS was editorially corrected by amendments adopted in 2002 which removed the, by then historic, implementation plan from regulation IV/l, the requirement to carry a radiotelephone distress watch receiver together with a device tor generating the radiotelephone alarm signal from regulation IV/7, and the requirement to maintain a continuous watch on the radiotelephone distress frequency 2182 kHz from regulation IV/12. The Maritime Safety Committee had decided at its sixty-eighth session in 1997 that watchkeeping on the frequency 2182 kHz should cease from I February 1999, so the regulation with its associated equipment was no longer required.
2002年通過的修正案對「國際海上人命安全公約」第IV章的內容進行了編輯性修正，該修正案刪除了第IV/l條中當時具有歷史意義的實施計劃，即第IV/7條規定對攜帶無線電話遇險守值以及用於產生無線電話警報訊號設備的要求，以及第IV/12條規定對無線電話遇險頻率2182 kHz保持連續守值的要求。海事安全委員會在1997年第68屆會議上決定，從1999年2月1日起停止對2182 kHz頻率的守值，因此不再需要對其相關設備進行監管。

Although the future of the 2182 kHz watch had been decided by the Maritime Safety Commiittee, the requirement for a watch on VHF channel 16 was subject to further discussion. Due to the large number of vessels which are not subject to the SOLAS Convention and had not yet adopted the techniques of the GMDSS, the Maritime Safety Committee also decided at its sixty-eighth session that, in principle, SOLAS ships should continue to maintain a listening watch on channel 16 after 1 February 1999. The COMSAR Sub-Committee was instructed to consider a final date for the cessation of mandatory watchkeeping and at its third session in 1998 proposed a date of 1 February 2005. This was not ultimately adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee as an amendment to the Convention and the COMSAR Sub-Committee at its eighth session in 2004 came to the conclusion that the watch should be required and kept for the foreseeable future with a view to providing:
儘管2182 kHz守值的未來已由海事安全委員會決定，但對VHF 16頻道上的守值要求還有待進一步討論。由於大量船舶不受SOLAS公約約束且尚未採用GMDSS技術，海事安全委員會第六十八次會議也決定，原則上SOLAS船舶應繼續保持1999年2月1日後在16頻道監聽守值。並在1998年第三次會議上提議將停止強制守值的最終日期定為2005年2月1日。委員會在2004年第八次會議上得出的結論是，在可預見的未來應該要求並保留守值，以期提供：

.1 a distress alerting and communication channel for non-SOLAS vessels; and
非SOLAS船舶的遇險警報及通訊頻道；和

.2 bridge-to-bridge communications for SOLAS ships.
SOLAS船舶的駕駛台對駕駛台通訊。

The provisions in regulation IV/12 therefore remain unchanged that every ship, while at sea. shall maintain, where practicable, a continuous watch on VHF channel 16.
因此，第IV/12條的規定保持不變，即每艘船舶在海上時。在可行的情況下，應保持對VHF頻道16的連續守值。

Amendments were adopted in 2002 to regulation III/26 to increase the number of radar transponders to be carried by ro-ro passenger ships due to the experienced difficulty of locating multiple liferafts after an accident. Liferafts carried on ro-ro passenger ships are now fitted with a radar transponder in the ratio of one transponder to every four liferafts.
由於事故後很難定位多個救生筏，2002年通過了第III/26條修正案，增加了滾裝客船攜帶雷達應答器的數量。滾裝客船上的救生筏安裝雷達應答器比例為，每四艘救生筏配備一個雷達應答器。

In 2000 amendments were adopted providing a complete revision to chapter V (Safety of Navigation) of SOLAS which introduced a new navigation equipment fit to ships and in particular the carriage of an Automatic Identification System (AIS). The design of this is closely associated with GMDSS equipment as it operates in the VHF radiotelephone band. Further amendments to chapter V were adopted in 2006 to introduce long-range identification and tracking of ships.
2000年通過的修正案對SOLAS第V章(航行安全)進行了全面修訂，引入了適合船舶的新導航設備，特別是自動識別系統(AIS)的配置。其設計與GMDSS設備密切相關，因為它在VHF無線電話頻段運作。2006年通過了第V章的進一步修訂，引入了對船舶的遠端識別和追蹤(LRIT)。

 

1.6 GMDSS review
GMDSS評估

Discussions in the COMSAR Sub-Committee in 2009 noted that it was now some 30 years since the inception of the GMDSS and 17 years since first being placed in service, and that advances in the use of telecommunications to further maritime safety had meanwhile taken place. The Sub-Committee concluded that a review might be beneficial to ensure that the GMDSS remained modem and responsive to changes in requirements and revolutions of technology.
2009年COMSAR小組委員會的討論指出，距GMDSS成立已有約30年，自首次投入使用以來已有17年，同時在利用無線電通信來促進海上安全方面也取得了進展。小組委員會得出的結論是，評估可能有益於確保GMDSS保持現代化，並能夠對需求的變化和技術的發展作出回應。

Subsequent, the Maritime Safety-Committee agreed to a scoping exercise to establish the need for a review of the elements and procedures of the GMDSS.
隨後，海事安全委員會同意進行範圍界定工作，以確定評估GMDSS要素和程序的必要性。

The scoping exercise was completed in 2012 and proposed a high-level review, to be followed by a detailed review and then a proposal for a modernization plan to be finalized in 2018.
範圍界定工作於2012年完成，並提出了一項高級別評估，隨後進行了詳細評估，最後提出了將於2018年最終確定的現代化計劃提案。

The high-level review has studied the nine functional requirements in regulation IV/4 and the future need for the four different areas of carriage requirements (sea areas A1 to A4) in regulations IV/8 to IV/11.
高級別評估研究了第IV/4條中的九項功能要求以及第IV/8至IV/11條中四個不同區域配置要求(A1至A4海域)的未來需求。

At present, the detailed review is under way, studying issues such as the evolution of Maritime Safety Information broadcast systems, and the possible introduction of additional satellite communication systems.
目前，詳細評估正在進行中，研究諸如海上安全資訊廣播系統的演變以及可能引入額外衛星通訊系統等問題。〔註〕
〔註〕2024年1月1日起，第IV/4條中的九項功能要求以及第IV/8至IV/11條中四個不同區域配置要求(A1至A4海域)已經全面更新。

 

1.7 Developments in the ITU
國際電信聯盟(ITU)的發展

Following the ITU World Administrative Radio Conference in 1987 the frequencies and operational procedures for the GMDSS were added as a new chapter to the 1990 edition of the ITU Radio Regulations which then contained two sets of provisions - chapter IX for Distress and Safety Communications and chapter N IX for Distress and Safety Communications for the GMDSS. Subsequent revisions to the Radio Regulations moved the “old" chapter to an appendix retaining the new chapter as chapter VII but the Radio Regulations still maintained two sets of provisions for communications GMDSS and non-GMDSS.
繼1987年國際電信聯盟世界無線電行政會議之後，GMDSS的頻率和操作程序被作為新的一章添加到1990年版的國際電信聯盟「無線電規則」中，該規則包含兩套條款 - 遇險和安全通信第IX章和N IX章，用於GMDSS的遇險和安全通訊。隨後「無線電規則」的修訂將「舊」章節移至附錄，保留新章作為第七章，但「無線電規則」仍保留了兩套關於GMDSS和非GMDSS的通訊規定。

The opportunity arose at the World Radiocommunication Conference in 2007 to review the operational procedures and requirements in order to create one set of regulations, applicable to all ships whether bound by the SOLAS Convention or carrying radio equipment voluntarily.
2007年世界無線電通訊大會上出現了審查操作程序和需求的機會，以製定一套適用於所有船舶(無論是受SOLAS公約約束還是自願攜帶無線電設備)的法規。

This conference decided to delete the appendix 13 describing the non-GMDSS use including the operational procedures using Morse on 500 kHz and telephony on 2182 kHz, the HF bands and VHF channel 16. The Conference then agreed that the VHF channel 16 procedures should be moved into Chapter VII (Distress and safety communications) but that there was no need to retain the other procedures with the possible exception of those for 2182 kHz which may be still in use in some parts of the world. These were moved into a new Resolution.
本次會議決定刪除描述非GMDSS使用的附錄13，包括在500 kHz上使用摩斯電碼和在2182 kHz上使用電話、HF頻段和VHF頻道16的操作程序。納入第VII章(遇險和安全通訊)，除了2182 kHz的程序外，沒有必要保留其他程序，因該程序可能仍在世界某些地區使用，這些將被轉移到新的決議案。

The main Chapter VII which comprises articles 30 to 34 was extensively revised and in particular watchkeeping requirements were modified to remove the previous requirement to maintain a watch, where practicable, on VHF channel 13 and replace it with a similar requirement for VHF channel 16. This then aligns with the SOLAS requirements on the use of channel 16. Additionally the sections dealing with the transmission of alerts, relays and acknowledgments were expanded to include the voice procedures for ships not equipped with Digital Selective Calling which may also be used additionally by ships equipped with Digital Selective Calling. Enhanced protection was afforded to VHF channel 70 (which is used for Digital Selective Calling) and the safety use of the AIS VHF channels was recognized.
對第VII章主要是第30至34條進行了廣泛修訂，特別是對守值要求進行了修改，取消了先前在VHF頻道13上可行時保持守值的要求，並用VHF 16頻道類似要求取而代之。然後與SOLAS關於使用16頻道的要求保持一致。此外，涉及警報、中繼和確認傳輸的部分也得到了擴展，包括未配備數位選擇呼叫船舶的語音程序，配備數位選擇呼叫船舶也可以額外使用該程序。對VHF 70頻道(用於數位選擇呼叫)提供了加強保護，並且安全使用AIS VHF頻道得到了認可。

The new Radio Regulations were published in 2008 and entered into force from 1 January 2009 and provide the common procedures which are applicable to all types of ships. Subsequently, at the World Radiocommunication Conference of 2012, the channel plans at MF. HF and VHF were updated to remove obsolete requirements.
新的「無線電規則」於2008年發布，並於2009年1月1日生效，提供了適用於所有類型船舶的通用程序。隨後，在2012年世界無線電通訊大會上，該頻道規劃在MF、HF和VHF已更新，刪除了過時的要求。