英語文法解析 - 14 連接詞(Conjunction)

連接詞定義:

連接詞是指將句子中的子句、片語或字連接起來的字。

連接詞可以分為:

1. 對等連接詞: 如：and, but, or, nor, for, so , yet, not only … but alos, both..and, neither.. nor, either..or，對等連接詞最重要是要注意前後所連接的一定是相同的時態或詞性。

2. 從屬連接詞: 如because, though, if 等，是連接主要子句語從屬子句。

 

對等連接詞(Coordinating Conjunctions)

And 而且
Barry took out his pen and started to write. John and Tom are classmates.	過去式動詞 + and + 過去式動詞 名詞 + and +名詞
But 但是
This sofa is old but comfortable. I have tried to talk to her many times, but she is always not available.	形容詞 + but + 形容詞 獨立子句 + but + 獨立子句
Neither …nor 兩者皆不
Neither Ken nor Simon wanted to pay the electricity bill. I like neither running nor jogging.	Neither + 名詞 + nor 名詞   Neither + 動名詞 + nor 動名詞
Or 或者
Annie wanted to do some reading or to listen to soft music at home. Hurry up, or you will miss the train.	獨立子句 + or +獨立子句   獨立子句 + or +獨立子句
For 為了因為
He was not afraid, for he was a brave man. He told the truth, for he had nothing to lose.	獨立子句 + for +獨立子句 獨立子句 + for +獨立子句

Not only.. but also 不僅 …而且
She not only sings very well but she also dances beautifully. The cakes mom makes is not only beautiful but also delicious.	Not only + 獨立子句 + but also + 獨立子句 Not only + 形容詞 + but also + 形容詞
Either .. or 兩者中有一個
He is either engaged or married. Either you or he is going with me.	Either + 過去式動詞 + or + 過去式動詞 Either + 名詞 + or 名詞
Both .. and 兩者皆是
Both you and he are right. This book is both good and interesting.	Both + 名詞 + and + 名詞 Both + 形容詞 + and + 形容詞
So所以, yet 然而
He was ill, so he did not come. He did not study, yet he passed the exam.	獨立子句 + so + 獨立子句 獨立子句 + yet + 獨立子句

注意：主詞及動詞之一致性，除Both and一定要用複數外，其他以較靠近的主詞決定。

記住：這些連接詞都少於四個英文字母。注意：then和now都不是對等連接詞，所以我們所談論的對等連接詞在句子中的角色及標點符號都不適用於這兩個字。

當一個對等連接詞連接兩個獨立子句時，它通常(但並非總是)用一個逗點分開：

Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.

當由對等連接詞連接的兩個獨立子句具有良好的對稱或句子簡短時，許多寫作者都省略這個逗點：

Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.

使用逗點來分開由對等連接詞連接的兩個獨立子句時，這個逗點永遠是正確的。在一系列項目中，若僅最後一個項目使用and來連接，則and前面的逗點也是正確的，不過許多寫作者(尤其是報紙)會省略最後這個逗點：

Ulysses spent his summer studying basic math, writing, and reading comprehension.

在一系列項目中，若每個項目都用對等連接詞來連接，則不用逗點：

Presbyterians and Methodists and Baptists are the prevalent Protestant congregations in Oklahoma.

在對等連接詞中，最常見的是and, but, 和or。

AND

a. 表示某個觀念與另一個觀念的時間 (前後) 順序："Tom sent in her applications and waited by the phone for a response."

b. 表示某個觀念是另一個觀念的結果："Michael heard the weather report and promptly boarded up his house."

c. 表示某個觀念與另一個觀念成對比 (在這種用法中通常以 but 來取代)："Juanita is brilliant and Shalimar has a pleasant personality.

d. 表示一種錯愕，意外的相反意思 (在這種用法中有時以 yet 來取代)："Hartford is a rich city and suffers from many symptoms of urban blight."

e. 表示某個子句從屬於另一個子句 (第一個子句通常是祈使句)："Use your credit cards frequently and you'll soon find yourself deep in debt."
這是一種含有假設意思的用法，上面的句子等於 "If you use your credit cards frequently, and...."

f. 表示一種對第一個子句的「評論、發表意見」："Charlie became addicted to gambling -- and that surprised no one who knew him."

BUT

a. 鑑於第一個子句的敘述，表示一種意料之外的對比："Joey lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably."

b. 以肯定的敘述來表示句子先前的部分係在做否定的暗示(有時以on the contrary來取代)："The club never invested foolishly, but used the services of a sage investment counselor."

OR

a. 表示只有一個可能性可能實現，排除另一個可能性："You can study hard for this exam or you can fail."

b. 表示所有選擇方案的組合："We can broil chicken on the grill tonight, or we can just eat leftovers."

c. 表示對第一個子句的改良、做更精確的敘述："Smith College is the premier all-women's college in the country, or so it seems to most Smith College alumnae."

d. 表示對句子先前部分的「修改」或以不同的方式重述："There are no rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tells us."

e. 表示一種否定的情況："The New Hampshire state motto is the rather grim "Live free or die."

f. 在不使用祈使句的情況下，表示否定的選擇 (參見上面 and 的用法)："They must approve his political style or they wouldn't keep electing him mayor."

注意so這個連接詞。它有時可以跟一個逗點來連接兩個獨立子句，但有時則不行。例如，讓我們來看看這個句子：

Tom is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chen.

這裡so的意思是「也」(as well)或「此外」(in addition)，大多數謹慎的寫作者都會在兩個獨立子句之間使用分號。在下面的句子中 -- 這裡so的意思是「因此」(thus) -- 這個連接詞和逗點就用對了：

John has always been nervous in front of large gatherings, so it is no surprise that he avoids crowds of his adoring fans.