Load Line及SOLAS公約對保護船員的要求

Load Line及SOLAS公約對保護船員的要求
The Requirements of Load Line and SOLAS Convention for Protecting Seafarers

尚作仁船長 編譯 Translated by Captain David Shang

LL公約CII/Reg.25「保護船員」
Regulation 25 “Protection of the crew”

(1) 用於船員起居的甲板室的強度應使主管機關滿意。
The strength of the deckhouses used for the accommodation of the crew shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(2) 應在乾舷和上層建築甲板的所有暴露部分，安裝有效的護欄或舷牆。舷牆或護欄的高度應至少距甲板1m(39 ½ 英寸)，但如此高度會干擾船舶的正常運作，主管機關若認為已提供足夠的保護時，可批准較低的高度。
Efficient guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted on all exposed parts of the freeboard and superstructure decks. The height of the bulwarks or guard rails shall be at least 1 metre (39½inches) from the deck, provided that where this height would interfere with the normal operation of the ship, a lesser height may be approved if the Administration is satisfied that adequate protection is provided.

(3) 護欄最低層以下的開口不得超過230mm(9英寸)。其他層之間的距離不得超過380mm(15英寸)。對於使用圓形舷緣的船舶，護欄支架應放置在甲板平面上。
The opening below the lowest course of the guard rails shall not exceed 230 millimetres (9 inches). The other courses shall be not more than 380 millimetres (15 inches) apart.  In the case of ships with rounded gunwales the guard rail supports shall be placed on the flat of the deck.

(4) 應提供令人滿意的保護措施(如護欄、救生索、跳板或甲板下通道等)，以保護船員進出其住艙、機器處所和船舶必要工作所需的所有其他部分。
Satisfactory means (in the form of guard rails, life lines, gangways or underdeck passages etc) shall be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship.

(5) 任何船舶載運甲板貨物的堆放位置，均應使貨物處所內任何通向船員居住艙室、機器艙間及船舶進行必要工作的其他部分的開口，均能妥善關閉並防止進水。如果船舶甲板上或甲板下沒有方便的通道，則應在甲板貨物上方設置護欄或安全索，為船員提供有效的保護。
Deck cargo carried on any ship shall be so stowed that any opening which is in way of the cargo and which gives access to and from the crew's quarters, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, can be properly closed and secured against the admission of water. Effective protection for the crew in the form of guard rails or life lines shall be provided above the deck cargo if there is no convenient passage on or below the deck of the ship.

LL公約CII/Reg.25-1「船員安全通行設施」
Regulation 25-1 “Means for safe passage of crew”

(1) 應至少採用下表25-1.1所規定的方式之一，來確保船員的安全通道。
The safe passage of crew shall be provided by at least one of the means prescribed in table 25-1.1 below.

(2) 表25-1.1中提到的可接受的安排定義如下：
Acceptable arrangements referred to in table 25-1.1 are defined as follows:

(a) 一條照明良好、通風良好的甲板下通道(淨開口至少為0.8m寬、2m高)，盡可能靠近乾舷甲板，連接並通往相關位置。
A well lighted and ventilated under-deck passageway (with a clear opening of at least 0.8 m wide and 2 m high), as close as practicable to the freeboard deck, connecting and providing access to the locations in question.

(b) 安裝在上層建築甲板水平面或以上、位於船舶中心線或盡可能靠近船舶中心線處的一個永久性和有效的步橋構造，提供一個連續的平台，寬度至少為0.6m，表面防滑，其整個長度的兩側都有護欄。護欄高度至少應為1m，其走向應符合LL第25(3)條的要求，並由間距不超過1.5m的支柱支撐；應提供腳踏擋板。
A permanent and efficiently constructed gangway fitted at or above the level of the superstructure deck on or as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship, providing a continuous platform, at least 0.6 m in width and a non-slip surface, with guard rails extending on each side throughout its length. Guard rails should be at least 1 m high with courses as required in LL regulation 25(3), and supported by stanchions spaced not more than 1.5 m; a foot-stop should be provided.

(c) 在乾舷甲板處設有一條寬度至少為0.6m的永久走道，該走道由兩排護欄組成，護欄之間的支柱間距不超過3m。軌道層數及其間距應符合LL規則25(3)的要求。對於B型船舶，高度不小於0.6m的艙口圍板可視為構成走道的一側，但艙口之間須安裝兩排護欄。
A permanent walkway at least 0.6 m in width fitted at freeboard deck level consisting of two rows of guard rails with stanchions spaced not more than 3 m. The number of courses of rails and their spacing should be as required by LL regulation 25(3). On type B ships, hatchway coamings not less than 0.6 m in height may be regarded as forming one side of the walkway, provided that between the hatchways two rows of guard rails are fitted.

(d) 一根直徑至少10mm的鋼絲安全索，由相距約10m的支柱支撐，或一根附在艙口圍板上的扶手或鋼絲索，在艙口之間延續並得到充分支撐。
A 10 mm minimum diameter wire rope lifeline supported by stanchions about 10 m apart, or a single hand rail or wire rope attached to hatch coamings, continued and adequately supported between hatchways.

Table 25-1.1

 * 油船、化學品船和氣體運輸船分別同SOLAS公約II–1/2.12，VII/8.2和VII/11.2的定義。
Oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers as defined in SOLAS regulations II-1/2.12, VII/8.2 and VII/11.2, respectively.

佈置(a) - (f)在下面第(2)段中描述，位置(i) - (v) 在下面第(3)段中描述。
Arrangements (a) - (f) are descrided in Paragraph (2) below Locations (i) - (v) are described in paragraph (3) below.

Table 25-1.1 (Continued)

*油船、化學品船和氣體運輸船分別同SOLAS公約II–1/2.12，VII/8.2和VII/11.2的定義。
Oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers as defined in SOLAS regulations II-1/2.12, VII/8.2 and VII/11.2, respectively.

**A_f：按A型船舶計算所得的最小夏季乾舷，而不論實際勘劃的乾舷類型。
H_s：第33條定義的上層建築標準高度。

(e) 一個永久且有效的步橋構造，安裝在上層建築甲板水平面或以上，位於船舶中心線或盡可能靠近船舶中心線：
A permanent and efficiently constructed gangway fitted at or above the level of the superstructure deck on or as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship:

(i) 其位置不應妨礙輕鬆進入甲板的工作區域；
located so as not to hinder easy access across the working areas of the deck;

(ii) 提供一個寬度至少為1公尺的連續平台；
providing a continuous platform at least 1 m in width;

(iii) 由防火、防滑材質製成；
constructed of fire-resistant and non-slip material;

(iv) 在其整個長度的兩側都裝有護欄；護欄高度至少應為1m，其走向應符合LL條第25(3)條的要求，並由間距不超過1.5m的支柱支撐；
fitted with guard rails extending on each side throughout its length; guard rails should be at least 1 m high with courses as required by LL regulation 25(3) and supported by stanchions spaced not more than 1.5 m;

(v) 兩邊都設有腳擋板；
provided with a foot-stop on each side;

(vi) 在適當的地方設有進出甲板的開口和梯子。開口間的距離不應超過40公尺；
having openings, with ladders, where appropriate, to and from the deck. Openings should not be more than 40 m apart;

(vii) 若要穿越的露天甲板長度超過70 m，則應在走道處每隔不超過45m設置堅固結構的遮蔽處。每個遮蔽物應能容納至少一人，且其結構應能在前部、左舷和右舷提供風雨保護。
Having shelters of substantial construction set in way of the gangway at intervals not exceeding 45 m if the length of the exposed deck to be traversed exceeds 70 m. Every such shelter should be capable of accommodating at least one person and be so constructed as to afford weather protection on the forward, port and starboard sides.

(viii) 設有通往甲板的開口，並在適當情況下設有梯子。開口之間的距離不得超過40m；以及
having openings, with ladders where appropriate, to and from the deck. Openings shall not be more than 40 m apart; and

(ix) 如果要穿越的露天甲板長度超過70m，則在舷梯處每隔不超過45m設置遮蔽物。每個遮蔽物應至少能容納一人，並應能為船艏、左舷和右舷方向提供防風雨保護。
having shelters set in way of the gangway at intervals not exceeding 45 m if the length of the exposed deck to be traversed exceeds 70 m. Every such shelter shall be capable of accommodating at least one person and be so constructed as to afford weather protection on the forward, port and starboard sides.

(f) 位於乾舷甲板層的永久走道，位於船中心線或盡可能靠近船中心線，其規格與(e)中列出的永久走道相同，但腳檔板除外。在「B」型船舶(經認證可運輸散裝液體船)上，艙口圍板和艙口蓋的總高度不低於1m，艙口圍板可視為構成走道的一側，但艙口之間應安裝兩排護欄。
A permanent walkway located at the freeboard deck level, on or as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship, having the same specifications as those for a permanent gangway listed in (e), except for foot-stops. On type 'B' ships (certified for the carriage of liquids in bulk) with a combined height of hatch coaming and fitted hatch cover of not less than 1 m in height, the hatchway coamings may be accepted as forming one side of the walkway, provided that two rows of guard rails are fitted between the hatchways.

(3) 上述(c)、(d)及(f)項的替代橫向位置(如適用)：
Alternative transverse locations for (c), (d) and (f) above, where appropriate:

(i) 位於船舶中心線處或附近；或安裝在船舶中心線或附近的艙口上。
At or near centreline of ship; or fitted on hatchways at or near centreline of ship.

(ii) 安裝在船舶的每一側。
Fitted on each side of the ship.

(iii) 安裝在船舶一側，但也可安裝在任何一側。
Fitted on one side of the ship, provision being made for fitting on either side.

(iv) 僅裝設在船舶的一舷。
Fitted on one side only.

(v) 盡可能安裝在艙口兩側靠近中心線的位置。
Fitted on each side of the hatchways as near to the centreline as practicable.

(4) (a) 凡安裝鋼絲繩的地方，應提供適當的裝置，以確保鋼絲繩的繃緊。
In all cases where wire ropes are fitted, adequate devices should be provided to ensure their tautness.

(b) 僅在特殊情況下才可使用鋼絲繩代替護欄，且長度須有限度。
Wire ropes may only be accepted in lieu of guard rails in special circumstances and then only in limited lengths.

(c) 只有安裝在兩個固定支柱之間時，長鏈條才可以代替護欄。
Lengths of chain may only be accepted in lieu of guard rails if fitted between two fixed stanchions.

(d) 當安裝有支柱時，每三個支柱應由一個支架或撐桿支撐。
Where stanchions are fitted, every third stanchion should be supported by a bracket or stay.

(e) 可拆卸或鉸鏈支柱應能鎖定在直立位置。
Removable or hinged stanchions should be capable of being locked in the upright position.

(f) 應提供可越過障礙物(如管道或其他永久性裝置)的通道。
A means of passage over obstructions, if any, such as pipes or other fittings of a permanent nature should be provided.

(g) 步橋或甲板層走道的寬度一般不宜超過1.5m。
Generally, the width of the gangway or deck-level walkway should not exceed 1.5m.

(5) 對船長小於100m的液貨船，按上述(2)(e)或(f)裝設的步橋平台或甲板面走道的最小寬度可分別減至0.6m。
For tankers of less than 100 m in length, the minimum width of the gangway platform or deck walkway installed in accordance with (2)(e) or (f) above may be reduced to 0.6 m respectively.

注意：對於具有非常高乾舷的船舶(即某些氣體運輸船)，可以允許偏離這些要求的部分或全部，或做出替代安排，但須逐案與相關主管部門達成協議。
Note: Deviations from some or all of these requirements or alternative arrangements for such cases as ships with very high gangways (i.e. certain gas carriers) may be allowed subject to agreement on a case-by- case basis with the relevant Administration.

對於1998年7月1日之前建造，SOLAS公約II-1/2.12定義的油船、SOLAS公約VII/8.2定義的化學品船或SOLAS公約VII/11.2定義的氣體運輸船，符合(b)或(c)的現有安排可以代替下文(e)或(f)要求。
For oil tankers, as defined in SOLAS regulation II-1/2.12, chemical tankers as defined in SOLAS regulation VII/8.2 or gas carriers as defined in SOLAS regulation VII/11.2, constructed before 1 July 1998, existing arrangements which complied with (b) or (c) may be accepted in lieu of (e) or (f) provided such existing arrangements are fitted with shelters and means of access to and from the deck as required for the arrangements (e) or (f) as defined below.

SOLAS/II-1/Reg.3-3安全前往液貨船船艏
Regulation 3-3 Safe access to tanker bows

1. 就本規則和第3-4規則而言，油船包括規則2定義的油船、第VII/8.2定義的化學品船和第VII/11.2定義的氣體運輸船。
For the purpose of this regulation and regulation 3-4, tankers include oil tankers as defined in regulation 2, chemical tankers as defined in regulation VII/8.2 and gas carriers as defined in regulation VII/11.2.

2. 每艘液貨船均應配備，使船員即使在惡劣天氣條件下，也能安全前往船艏的設施。此類通道應由主管機關根據本組織制定的指南予以批准。
Every tanker shall be provided with the means to enable the crew to gain safe access to the bow even in severe weather conditions. Such means of access shall be approved by the Administration based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.

參考IMO MSC.62(67)決議案。(如下頁)
Refer to IMO MSC.62(67) Resolution. (At next page)

MSC.62(67)決議(1996年12月5日通過)安全通往液貨船艏的修訂指南
REVISED GUIDELINES FOR SAFE ACCESS TO TANKER BOWS

步橋和通路
Gangway and access

1. 液貨船，包括SOLAS第II-1/2.12所定義的油船、第Ⅶ/8.2所定義的化學品船和第Ⅶ/11.2所定義的氣體船，應提供措施使船員即使在惡劣氣候條件下也能安全通往船艏。對於1998年7月1日或以後建造的液貨船，通往船艏的措施，應為甲板上的通道或在上層建築甲板，或以上甲板或第一層甲板室水平面上的固定結構堅固的步橋，其應：
Tankers, including oil tankers as defined in SOLAS regulation II-1/2.12, chemical tankers as defined in regulation VII/8.2 and gas carriers as defined in regulation VII/11.2, should be provided with means to enable the crew to gain safe access to the bow even in severe weather conditions. For tankers constructed on or after 1 July 1998, the access should be by means of either a walkway on the deck or a permanently constructed gangway of substantial strength at or above the level of the superstructure deck, or at the first tier of a deckhouse, which should:

.1 其寬度不小於1m，位於或盡可能靠近船舶中心線，且所處位置不防礙橫向通過甲板工作區；
be not less than 1 m in width, situated on or as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship and located so as not to hinder easy access across working areas of the deck;

.2 沿步橋兩側全長範圍內安裝踏板和由支柱支撐的欄桿。欄桿應不少於三道橫桿，最低一道橫桿距步橋或通道以上不超過230mm；最高一道橫桿距步橋或通道不小於1m；中間橫桿間距不大於380mm。支柱的間距不大於1.5m；
be fitted at each side throughout its length with a foot-stop and guard rails supported by stanchions. Such rails should consist of no less than three courses, the lowest being not more than 230 mm and the uppermost being at least 1 m above the gangway or walkway, and no intermediate opening should be more than 380 mm in height. Stanchions should be at intervals of not more than 1.5 m. A permanent walkway located at the freeboard deck level, on or as near as practicable to the centreline of the ship, need not be fitted with foot-stops;

.3 應由阻燃和防滑材料製成；
be constructed of fire resistant and non-slip material;

.4 如適宜，應設有通往甲板的梯道開口，開口間距不超過40m：
have openings, with ladders where appropriate, to and from the deck. Openings should not be more than 40 m apart;

.5 如所需通過的露天甲板長度超過70m，在通道或步橋上每隔間距不超過45m處應設有一個遮蔽處所。每一這樣的遮蔽處所應至少容納1人，且能在前方和左右兩側在惡劣氣候條件下提供保護：且
if the length of exposed deck to be traversed exceeds 70 m, have shelters of substantial construction set in way of the gangways or walkways at intervals not exceeding 45 m. Every such shelter should be capable of accommodating at least one person and be so constructed as to afford weather protection on the forward, port and starboard sides; and

.6 如管子或其他固定的結構件構成障礙，應有通過這些障礙的設施。
If obstructed by pipes or other fittings of a permanent nature, be provided with means of passage over such obstruction.

2. 主管機關可接受替代措施或液貨船借助處所限制修改其佈置，如小型液貨船或高乾舷液貨船，如氣體船，提供這樣的替代措施或修改佈置使之通往船艏具有同等安全水平。
The Administration may accept alternative or modified arrangements for tankers with space constraint, such as small tankers, or tankers with large freeboard, such as gas carriers, provided that such alternative or modified arrangements achieve an equivalent level of safety for access to the bow.

3. 對1998年7月1日前建造的液貨船，可接受由主管機關已認可的佈置，如現有佈置可達到通往船艏同等安全水平，是可以接受的。
Arrangements already approved by the Administration for tankers constructed before 1 July 1998 may be accepted, provided that such existing arrangements achieve an equivalent level of safety for access to the bow.